当前,美国海军正在做战略上的调整,由冷战时的深水海军向浅水海军转变。这一变化强调美国海军需要抵近敌方目标作战,即在近岸环境下作战。与深水作战环境相比,近岸作战环境有些不同的特点:从目标上看,作战舰艇和商业船只同时存在;从地理上看,岛屿、海湾和大陆交织在一起。这些特点使舰艇使用反舰导弹作战变得复杂,无论从制导技术方面,还是从战术角度来看,浅水作战所遇到的困难都要大于在深海作战时所遇到的困难。面临的难题 At present, the United States Navy is making a strategic adjustment from the deep-water navy in the Cold War era to the shallow navy. This change underscores the need for the U.S. Navy to approach enemy targets, that is, operations in nearshore conditions. Compared with the deep-water combat environment, the nearshore combat environment has some different characteristics: from the target point of view, the combat ships and the commercial vessels exist at the same time; geographically, the islands, the gulf and the mainland intertwine. These features complicate the use of anti-ship missiles by ships. From shallow guidance to tactical point of view, the difficulties encountered in shallow water operations are greater than those encountered in deep-sea operations. Faced with the problem