聚合酶链反应是80年代末90年代初兴起的分子生物学技术,对基础研究和临床检测都起到革命性的推动作用。该技术在眼科领域的应用也越来越广泛。聚合酶链反应具有简单、特异、灵敏、快速等特点,不仅可用于检测沙眼衣原体、单纯疱疹病毒等病原的眼部感染,还可用于视网膜母细胞瘤、生长因子等基础研究。本文介绍该技术的原理、操作并综述该技术在眼科的应用。 Polymerase chain reaction is a molecular biology technique that emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s and played a revolutionary role in promoting basic research and clinical testing. The technology in the field of ophthalmology is also more and more widely used. Polymerase chain reaction is simple, specific, sensitive, fast and so on. It can not only detect ocular infections of pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus, but also can be used in basic research such as retinoblastoma and growth factor. This article describes the principle of the technology, operation and review of the technology in the application of ophthalmology.