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了解放射工作人员掌握防护知识的基本情况,以探讨今后职业卫生防护工作的侧重点。采用自行设计的《放射工作人员防护知识、行为与态度调查表》现场自填问卷的方法,对某市放射工作人员进行调查。结果显示,某市放射工作人员在接触射线、接触射线的种类、射线的危害3方面防护知识知晓率均较高,达80.0%以上;对工作场所需要通风的知晓率普遍较低,不足50.0%。参加过放射防护知识培训的人员在对工作中接触射线、接触射线的种类、射线的危害知晓程度上优于未参加过培训的放射工作人员。初中及以下学历的放射工作人员,防护知识知晓率较低。10~20 a工龄组在对接触射线的种类、射线的危害知晓程度上优于其他工龄组。工业用放射源的放射工作人员对射线的危害知晓率最低,为61.3%,核医学的放射工作人员对接触射线的种类,工作场所需要通风的原因知晓率最低,分别为22.9%和14.6%。提示,防护知识教育的重点应该是低学历人员、新参加工作的人员、工业用放射源和核医学工作人员,防护培训的内容侧重点应为加强通风措施。
Understand the basic situation of radiation staff to master the knowledge of protection, in order to explore the focus of occupational health protection in the future. The self-designed questionnaire of knowledge, behavior and attitude of radiation workers was used to investigate the radiation workers in a certain city. The results showed that there was a high awareness rate of over 80.0% in knowledge of protection among radiation workers in a city in respect of the types of contact rays, the types of contact rays, and the hazards of radiation, and awareness of the need of ventilation in the workplace was generally low, less than 50.0% . Radiographers who participated in training in radiological protection were better informed of the hazards of exposure to radiation, types of exposure rays and radiation during their work than radiation workers who did not participate in training. Radiation workers with junior high school education or below have a low awareness rate of protective knowledge. 10 ~ 20 a working age group in contact with the type of radiation, radiation hazards better than other age groups. Radiation workers in industrial radioactive sources had the lowest risk of radiation hazards, accounting for 61.3%. Radiological personnel in nuclear medicine had the lowest awareness of the types of contact rays and ventilation in workplaces, at 22.9% and 14.6% respectively. Prompts, protective knowledge education should focus on low-educated personnel, new staff, industrial radioactive sources and nuclear medicine staff, protection training should focus on strengthening ventilation measures.