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医学领域应用的电离辐射线主要包括X射线、γ射线。电离辐射可通过诱导DNA损伤造成人类和动物生精细胞染色体结构畸形,并引起生精细胞的凋亡,且其凋亡程度随照射剂量的增加而明显增加。另外,大剂量的电离辐射同样可导致动物卵细胞染色体畸形,始基卵泡数目减少,而关于低剂量电离辐射对人类和动物卵细胞的损伤情况及在照射前给予干预措施是否可降低生殖细胞的损伤程度,目前尚无明确定论。
Ionizing radiation used in medicine mainly includes X-rays and γ-rays. Ionizing radiation can cause chromosome deformities in spermatogenic cells of human and animal by inducing DNA damage, and cause apoptosis of spermatogenic cells. The degree of apoptosis is obviously increased with the increase of irradiation dose. In addition, high doses of ionizing radiation can also lead to chromosomal abnormalities in egg cells and reduce the number of primordial follicles. However, the damage to human and animal egg cells caused by low dose ionizing radiation and the intervention before irradiation can reduce the degree of germ cell damage , There is no clear conclusion.