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存活的早产儿常合并呼吸系统慢性疾病,表现为出院后仍需要家庭氧疗,再入院率增高,咳嗽和喘息的症状增多,以及反映气道阻塞、气道高反应性和空气潴留的肺功能指标异常。此外,合并支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的存活早产儿中出现神经系统并发症的比例也高于未合并BPD的存活早产儿。在某些研究人群中,重度BPD可能与远期神经发育异常有重要关系。
Surviving preterm infants are often associated with chronic respiratory diseases, with home oxygen therapy still required after discharge, increased readmission rates, increased symptoms of coughing and wheezing, and pulmonary function reflecting airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness and air retention The indicator is abnormal. In addition, the percentage of neurologic complications in surviving preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is also higher than in surviving preterm infants without BPD. In some study populations, severe BPD may be associated with long-term neurodevelopmental abnormalities.