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目的了解雅安市15岁以上人群乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)免疫抗体水平,探讨防控乙肝策略与措施。方法采取整群抽样法,采集15岁以上中学生、大学生、工人、从业人员人群血清4 693份,应用ELISA初筛检测乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs),阴性者再用固相放射免疫法(RIA)复检抗-HBs,并对结果进行统计分析。结果初筛和复检乙肝抗-HBs阳性率分别为41.62%、54.55%,初筛低于2006年全国和四川省水平,复检则高于2006年全国和四川省水平;男女乙肝抗-HBs阳性率差异无统计学意义;初筛和复检后阳性率均以从业人员最高,分别达57.32%和67.94%,中学生最低,初筛和复检后仅为33.57%和49.07%,4类人群(中学生、大学生、工人、从业人员)乙肝抗-HBs阳性率差异有统计学意义;乙肝抗-HBs阳性率在25~岁组和50~岁组有两个高峰,各年龄组乙肝抗-HBs阳性率差异有统计学意义;复检后与初筛比较,乙肝抗-HBs抗体阳性率提高近13个百分点。结论建议今后在做好儿童乙肝疫苗接种同时,应考虑将乙肝防控重点向15岁以上群体倾斜;ELISA检测乙肝抗-HBs敏感性明显低于RIA,需在今后工作中区别应用。
Objective To understand the level of anti-hepatitis B (HBV) antibodies in people over 15 years old in Ya’an and to explore strategies and measures to prevent and control hepatitis B infection. Methods A total of 4 693 serum samples from middle school students, college students, laborers and employees over the age of 15 were collected by cluster sampling method. Antigen-HBs were detected by ELISA and negative by solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) ) Retest anti-HBs, and the results of statistical analysis. Results The positive rates of anti-HBs in primary and re-examination were 41.62% and 54.55%, respectively. The primary screening was lower than that of the whole country and Sichuan Province in 2006, and the level of anti-HBs in re-examination was higher than that of 2006 in China and Sichuan Province. There was no significant difference between the positive rate and the positive rate after primary screening and retest. The highest positive rate was 57.32% and 67.94% respectively, the lowest was middle school students, only 33.57% and 49.07% (Middle school students, college students, workers and employees), the positive rates of anti-HBs in hepatitis B were statistically significant. The positive rates of anti-HBs in hepatitis B were two peaks in 25- and 50- Positive rate difference was statistically significant; re-screening compared with the initial screening, anti-HBs antibody positive rate of hepatitis B increased by nearly 13 percentage points. Conclusions In the future, hepatitis B vaccination should be considered in children. At the same time, hepatitis B prevention and control should be considered to be more than 15 years old. The sensitivity of ELISA to detect anti-HBs in hepatitis B is significantly lower than that in RIA.