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用来治疗儿童中耳炎的所谓解充血剂是指α-肾上腺素能兴奋剂(类交感神经兴奋剂)或联合应用抗组织胺类药物。肾上腺素能药物的作用是兴奋自主神经系统中的α和β肾上腺素能受体,分为间接兴奋药物,如麻黄素、phenylpropanolamine和直接作用药物,如肾上腺素、假麻黄硷、去甲肾上腺素等两大类。其作用是通过改变腺嘌呤循环酶(adenyl cyclase)的活性,致成鼻和咽鼓管粘膜小动脉壁平滑肌收缩,使充血消退,肿胀粘膜收缩,因而增加鼻和咽鼓管的通畅。抗组织胺类药物是抑制组织胺释放,影响组织胺对毛细血管的扩张作用,且减少组织胺诱发的鼻分泌物排出,并可对抗组织胺增加毛细血管通透性和水肿形成的作用。
The so-called decongestants used to treat otitis media in children are alpha-adrenergic stimulants (sympathomimetic stimulants) or combination antihistamines. The role of adrenergic drugs is to excite alpha and beta adrenergic receptors in the autonomic nervous system and to classify them as indirect stimulant drugs such as ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine and direct acting drugs such as epinephrine, pseudoephedrine, norepinephrine Two categories. Its role is through the change of adenine cyclase (adenyl cyclase) activity, resulting in nasal and Eustachian tube smooth muscle contraction of the mucosal wall, so that congestive subsidence, swelling mucosal contraction, thereby increasing the nasal and eustachian tube patency. Antihistamines inhibit the release of histamine, affecting the histamine amines on the expansion of the capillaries, and reduce the histamine-induced nasal discharge, and can increase the role of capillary permeability and edema against histamine.