Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects motor neurons and has no effective treatment.Recently, Iida et al.identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2275294 in the ZNF512B gene that is significantly associated with susceptibility to ALS in the Japanese population.Here, we performed a case-control study examining the possible association ofrs2275294 with risk of sporadic ALS (SALS) in a large Chinese cohort.Methods: To assess this association, we performed a replication study in 953 SALS patients and 1039 age-and gender-matched healthy control subjects, who were recruited from Peking University Third Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2004 to December 2013 throughout China.We genotyped the rs2275294 SNP using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing.Results: The allele frequency of rs2275294 in ZNF512B was different between Japanese and Chinese.The association in Chinese between ALS patients and controls did not reach statistical significance (P =0.54;odds ratio =0.94;95％ confidence interval =0.76-1.15).Conclusions: The SNP rs2275294 in ZNF512B is not considered to be associated with ALS susceptibility in the Chinese population.Our study highlights genetic heterogeneity in ALS susceptibility in different population.Given our negative results, further replication study involving larger and more homogeneous samples in different ethnicities should be performed in the future.