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尽管外科技术有了许多改进,但失血仍不可避免。严重的失血如得不到及时补充,将会发生不可逆转的肾脏损害、室颤和脑缺氧。由于红细胞的丢失,血的携氧能力降低,而延长术后恢复期。新生儿对失血的耐受力还较成人为差,而快速的补血又特别困难。一般估计,婴儿每千克体重的循环血容量为90ml。一个3kg的新生儿循环血容量仅为270ml,如果为了作生化和血液学检查,抽取20ml的血样,足以导致患病婴儿的低血容量状态。测量失血可有很多方法,外科医生和麻醉师的估计也许是最简单的方法。(一)外科医生和麻醉师的估计:外科医生和麻醉师对失血的估计通常被称为“瞎猜”,而在世界上
Although there are many improvements in surgical techniques, blood loss is still unavoidable. Serious loss of blood if not promptly added, there will be irreversible renal damage, ventricular fibrillation and cerebral hypoxia. Due to the loss of red blood cells, blood oxygen carrying capacity decreased, and prolonged postoperative recovery. Neonatal tolerance to blood loss is also worse than adults, and rapid blood is particularly difficult. It is generally estimated that a baby has a circulating blood volume of 90 ml per kilogram of body weight. A 3kg neonatal blood volume of only 270ml, if for biochemical and hematological examination, the extraction of 20ml blood samples, enough to cause the baby’s hypovolemic status. There are many ways to measure blood loss, and estimates by surgeons and anesthesiologists may be the easiest way. (I) Estimates of surgeons and anesthetists: Estimates of blood loss by surgeons and anesthetists are often referred to as “guesses,” while in the world