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代词是英语十大词类之一,是历年中考英语中的一个考查热点。本文以2014年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例,对有关代词的主要考点作一归纳和分析,供参加2015年中考的同学们备考之用。
【考点一】考查人称代词的主格和宾格
人称代词主格( I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they) 作主语,宾格(me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them)作及物动词或介词的宾语。作主语的人称代词若用于无谓语动词的简短应答句子中时,应用宾格来代替主格。
【考题链接】
1. Aunt Tina will visit us soon. _____ is arriving tomorrow morning. (重庆市)
A. He B. She C. His D. Her
2.—Susan, go and join your sister in cleaning the yard.
—Why _____? John is sitting there doing nothing at all. (湖北黄冈)
A. I B. me C. myself D. mine
【考点二】考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词具有形容词的功能,在名词之前作定语;名词性物主代词具有名词的功能,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。形容词性物主代词有: my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their。名词性物主代词有: mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs。
【考题链接】
3. I have a big brother. _____ name is Paul. (北京市)
A. His B. Her C. Its D. Your
4.—Excuse me, may I use your bicycle? _____ is broken.
—Certainly. But remember to return it before lunch. (江苏南京)
A. I B. Me C. Myself D. Mine
5.—The camera in your hand is nice, is it _____?
—Yes, but I’ll give it to my friend Lily as _____ birthday present. (湖北随州)
A. you;her B. your;hers
C. yours;her D. you;hers
【考点三】考查反身代词
反身代词的单数形式有:myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,复数形式有:ourselves,yourselves,themselves。反身代词在句中常用作宾语、表语、同位语。在 enjoy oneself(玩得开心), help oneself to(随便用/吃……),kill oneself(自杀),lose oneself in(陶醉于),express oneself(自我表达),introduce oneself(自我介绍),talk to oneself(自言自语),learn by oneself(自学)等固定短语中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
【考题链接】
6. Don’t worry. We’re old enough to look after _____. (陕西省)
A. myself B. me C. ourselves D. us
7. Deng Ziqi won lots of fans for _____ through the TV program I AM A SINGER Ⅱ.(广东佛山)
A. she B. her C. herself
【考点四】考查复合不定代词
复合不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing 等表示事物;somebody,everyone,everybody,nobody,no one,anybody 等表示人。这些复合不定代词都是单数,可作主语、宾语或表语。一般来说,something,somebody,everything,everybody 用于肯定句;anything,anybody 用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句;nothing,nobody,no one 本身具有否定意义,不与 not 连用。此外,形容词修饰复合不定代词时,通常后置。
【考题链接】
8. At present,children mean _____ to most parents in China. (河南省)
A. everything B. nothing
C. anything D. something
9.—Your English is very good. Who taught you?
—_____. I learned it all by myself. (湖北襄阳)
A. Somebody B. Everybody
C. Nobody D. Anybody
10. This work needs close teamwork. _____will be achieved unless we work well together. (江苏苏州) A. Nothing B. Anything
C. Something D. Everything
11.—Look,_____ is dancing under the tree.
—Oh,that’s my cousin,Anna.(浙江温州)
A. everybody B. anybody
C. nobody D. somebody
【考点五】考查代词one,it,that,those
one 泛指上文提到过的同类人或事物中的一个单数名词;it特指代上文提到过的单数名词或不可数名词,也可指代无法确认性别的人,it可以用作形式主语或形式宾语,代替作真正主语或真正宾语的动词不定式或从句;that 特指上文出现过的单数名词或不可数名词;those指代上文出现过的复数名词,相当于 the ones。
【考题链接】
12. Do you have toys? I’d like to buy _____ for my cousin. (河北省)
A. it B. one C. this D. that
13. I can’t find my ticket. I think I must have lost _____. (浙江杭州)
A. it B. one C. this D. them
14. Bill thought _____ necessary to work with friends and share different ideas. (甘肃兰州)
A. it B. they C. them D. him
15.—The cars made in Germany are more expensive than _____ made in Japan.
—Yes,you are right. But I think they’re much better. (内蒙古呼和浩特)
A. those B. that C. ones D. it
【考点六】考查all,both,either,neither,none
1.both,either和neither皆表示两者,可作主语、宾语和定语,both还可作同位语。both意为“两者都”,neither意为“两者都不”,either意为“两者中任意一个”,它们都可与of构成短语。
2.all和none表示三者或三者以上。all意为“全、都”,表肯定。none意为“一个没有”,表否定。all可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语;none可作主语、宾语和同位语,但不能作定语。all和none都可与of构成短语;all和both与not连用时表示部分否定。
【考题链接】
16. You can take _____ of the two toy cars and leave the other for your brother. (安徽省)
A. both B. none C. either D. neither
17.—Would you like tea or coffee?
—_____,thanks! I’d prefer a Coke. (广东广州)
A. Both B. Neither C. All D. Some
18. Old Mr. Black lives happily with his three dogs. _____ of them are part of his family. (上海市)
A. Both B. All C. None D. Neither
【考点七】考查不定代词some ,any
一般来说some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句或疑问句中。但 some 也可用于疑问句中,表示一种客气的请求或希望得到对方肯定的答复。
【考题链接】
19.—Is there _____ beef in the fridge?
—No,there aren’t. There is _____ pork. (天津市)
A. some;any B. any;any
C. some;some D. any;some
【考点八】考查other,the other,another,others,the others
other用作代词,与the连用构成“the other”,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”,常与one搭配构成“one ...,the other ...”句型;others是other 的复数形式,泛指“另外的人或物”,常与some搭配构成“some ....,others ...”句型;the others特指某范围内的“其他人或物”;another意为“另一个”。
【考点九】考查疑问代词和关系代词
疑问代词对人或物提出疑问,构成特殊疑问句,用在特殊疑问句的句首。疑问代词还可用来引导宾语从句。初中阶段,我们所学的疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which。
关系代词是用来引述前面已经提过的名词或代词的一类词,常用来引导定语从句。它主要有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom和whose在定语从句中都用来指人,其中whom在句中作宾语,which 只指物,that 既可指人也可指物。
【考题链接】
20.I like the writers are popular among teenagers. (四川成都)
A. who B. which C. whom
21.—I didn’t see you last night. Where did you go?
—I went to see a movie called Coming Home _____ was directed by Zhang Yimou. (甘肃兰州)
A. who B. whom C. when D. which
22. Tommy couldn’t stop thinking about the boy _____ made him a fool in front of the whole class. (山东潍坊)
A. whom B. which C. what D. who
【参考答案】1—5BBADC 6—10 CCACA 11—15 DBAAA 16—20 CBBDA 21—22 DD
【考点一】考查人称代词的主格和宾格
人称代词主格( I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they) 作主语,宾格(me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them)作及物动词或介词的宾语。作主语的人称代词若用于无谓语动词的简短应答句子中时,应用宾格来代替主格。
【考题链接】
1. Aunt Tina will visit us soon. _____ is arriving tomorrow morning. (重庆市)
A. He B. She C. His D. Her
2.—Susan, go and join your sister in cleaning the yard.
—Why _____? John is sitting there doing nothing at all. (湖北黄冈)
A. I B. me C. myself D. mine
【考点二】考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词具有形容词的功能,在名词之前作定语;名词性物主代词具有名词的功能,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。形容词性物主代词有: my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their。名词性物主代词有: mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs。
【考题链接】
3. I have a big brother. _____ name is Paul. (北京市)
A. His B. Her C. Its D. Your
4.—Excuse me, may I use your bicycle? _____ is broken.
—Certainly. But remember to return it before lunch. (江苏南京)
A. I B. Me C. Myself D. Mine
5.—The camera in your hand is nice, is it _____?
—Yes, but I’ll give it to my friend Lily as _____ birthday present. (湖北随州)
A. you;her B. your;hers
C. yours;her D. you;hers
【考点三】考查反身代词
反身代词的单数形式有:myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,复数形式有:ourselves,yourselves,themselves。反身代词在句中常用作宾语、表语、同位语。在 enjoy oneself(玩得开心), help oneself to(随便用/吃……),kill oneself(自杀),lose oneself in(陶醉于),express oneself(自我表达),introduce oneself(自我介绍),talk to oneself(自言自语),learn by oneself(自学)等固定短语中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
【考题链接】
6. Don’t worry. We’re old enough to look after _____. (陕西省)
A. myself B. me C. ourselves D. us
7. Deng Ziqi won lots of fans for _____ through the TV program I AM A SINGER Ⅱ.(广东佛山)
A. she B. her C. herself
【考点四】考查复合不定代词
复合不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing 等表示事物;somebody,everyone,everybody,nobody,no one,anybody 等表示人。这些复合不定代词都是单数,可作主语、宾语或表语。一般来说,something,somebody,everything,everybody 用于肯定句;anything,anybody 用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句;nothing,nobody,no one 本身具有否定意义,不与 not 连用。此外,形容词修饰复合不定代词时,通常后置。
【考题链接】
8. At present,children mean _____ to most parents in China. (河南省)
A. everything B. nothing
C. anything D. something
9.—Your English is very good. Who taught you?
—_____. I learned it all by myself. (湖北襄阳)
A. Somebody B. Everybody
C. Nobody D. Anybody
10. This work needs close teamwork. _____will be achieved unless we work well together. (江苏苏州) A. Nothing B. Anything
C. Something D. Everything
11.—Look,_____ is dancing under the tree.
—Oh,that’s my cousin,Anna.(浙江温州)
A. everybody B. anybody
C. nobody D. somebody
【考点五】考查代词one,it,that,those
one 泛指上文提到过的同类人或事物中的一个单数名词;it特指代上文提到过的单数名词或不可数名词,也可指代无法确认性别的人,it可以用作形式主语或形式宾语,代替作真正主语或真正宾语的动词不定式或从句;that 特指上文出现过的单数名词或不可数名词;those指代上文出现过的复数名词,相当于 the ones。
【考题链接】
12. Do you have toys? I’d like to buy _____ for my cousin. (河北省)
A. it B. one C. this D. that
13. I can’t find my ticket. I think I must have lost _____. (浙江杭州)
A. it B. one C. this D. them
14. Bill thought _____ necessary to work with friends and share different ideas. (甘肃兰州)
A. it B. they C. them D. him
15.—The cars made in Germany are more expensive than _____ made in Japan.
—Yes,you are right. But I think they’re much better. (内蒙古呼和浩特)
A. those B. that C. ones D. it
【考点六】考查all,both,either,neither,none
1.both,either和neither皆表示两者,可作主语、宾语和定语,both还可作同位语。both意为“两者都”,neither意为“两者都不”,either意为“两者中任意一个”,它们都可与of构成短语。
2.all和none表示三者或三者以上。all意为“全、都”,表肯定。none意为“一个没有”,表否定。all可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语;none可作主语、宾语和同位语,但不能作定语。all和none都可与of构成短语;all和both与not连用时表示部分否定。
【考题链接】
16. You can take _____ of the two toy cars and leave the other for your brother. (安徽省)
A. both B. none C. either D. neither
17.—Would you like tea or coffee?
—_____,thanks! I’d prefer a Coke. (广东广州)
A. Both B. Neither C. All D. Some
18. Old Mr. Black lives happily with his three dogs. _____ of them are part of his family. (上海市)
A. Both B. All C. None D. Neither
【考点七】考查不定代词some ,any
一般来说some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句或疑问句中。但 some 也可用于疑问句中,表示一种客气的请求或希望得到对方肯定的答复。
【考题链接】
19.—Is there _____ beef in the fridge?
—No,there aren’t. There is _____ pork. (天津市)
A. some;any B. any;any
C. some;some D. any;some
【考点八】考查other,the other,another,others,the others
other用作代词,与the连用构成“the other”,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”,常与one搭配构成“one ...,the other ...”句型;others是other 的复数形式,泛指“另外的人或物”,常与some搭配构成“some ....,others ...”句型;the others特指某范围内的“其他人或物”;another意为“另一个”。
【考点九】考查疑问代词和关系代词
疑问代词对人或物提出疑问,构成特殊疑问句,用在特殊疑问句的句首。疑问代词还可用来引导宾语从句。初中阶段,我们所学的疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which。
关系代词是用来引述前面已经提过的名词或代词的一类词,常用来引导定语从句。它主要有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom和whose在定语从句中都用来指人,其中whom在句中作宾语,which 只指物,that 既可指人也可指物。
【考题链接】
20.I like the writers are popular among teenagers. (四川成都)
A. who B. which C. whom
21.—I didn’t see you last night. Where did you go?
—I went to see a movie called Coming Home _____ was directed by Zhang Yimou. (甘肃兰州)
A. who B. whom C. when D. which
22. Tommy couldn’t stop thinking about the boy _____ made him a fool in front of the whole class. (山东潍坊)
A. whom B. which C. what D. who
【参考答案】1—5BBADC 6—10 CCACA 11—15 DBAAA 16—20 CBBDA 21—22 DD