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作为一部关于“文化与社会”的小说,E.M.福斯特的《霍华德庄园》描述和探讨了多个阶级与文化之间的关系,其中包括以伦纳德·巴斯特为代表的中下层阶级身份和高雅文化追求之间的矛盾冲突。通过对约翰·罗斯金和马修·阿诺德的代表作和文化观进行戏仿,福斯特在伦纳德这样一个社会中下层人物身上探讨和检验了高雅文化追求提升个体素质和身份、协调社会关系的可能。作品不仅讽刺了这一人物因其“个人愿望”和“个人能力”之间的鸿沟而对文化手段、目的及其功效的误解和滥用,而且揭露了自
As a novel about “Culture and Society,” EM Forster’s “Howard Manor” describes and explores the relationship between multiple classes and cultures, including Leonard Buster as a Representative Conflict between Middle Class and Middle Class Identification and Elegant Culture Pursuit. Through parodying the representative works and cultural values of John Ruskin and Matthew Arnold, Foster explores and tests the pursuit of high-quality culture to enhance individual qualities and identities and coordinate social relations on the lower middle class such as Leonard Possible. His work not only ironically alludes to the misunderstanding and misuse of the cultural means, purpose and effect of this person due to the gulf between his “personal wishes” and “personal capabilities”