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相对于组成蛋白质大分子的20种标准氨基酸,更多的非标准氨基酸(将近500种)被引入天然产物的生物合成中,后者对于天然产物发挥独特的生物学功能具有至关重要的作用.β-位甲基化氨基酸作为一类非标准氨基酸,在一些活性天然产物的生物合成中及初级代谢中也有很多报道.它们的生物合成主要通过3种方式:(1)谷氨酸变位酶催化;(2)甲基转移酶和氨基转移酶联合催化;(3)S-腺苷甲硫氨酸自由基酶催化.本文综述了近年来文献中报道的天然产物中β-位甲基氨基酸单元的生物合成方式,通过代谢工程、合成生物学及酶工程的手段,将有助于提高含有该单元的活性天然产物的产量,同时有助于创造更多含有该单元的非天然-天然产物.
More non-standard amino acids (nearly 500) are introduced into the biosynthesis of natural products relative to the 20 standard amino acids that make up a protein macromolecule, the latter of which is crucial to the natural biological function of a product. As a class of non-standard amino acids, β-site methylated amino acids are also reported in the biosynthesis and primary metabolism of some active natural products. Their biosynthesis mainly through three ways: (1) glutamate mutase Catalyzed by methyltransferase and aminotransferase; (3) S-adenosylmethionine free radical catalysis.In this paper, the recent progress in the synthesis of β-position methyl amino acids Unit biosynthesis, through metabolic engineering, synthetic biology and enzyme engineering, will help to increase the yield of active natural products containing the unit while helping to create more non-natural-natural products that contain the unit .