论文部分内容阅读
英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前，谓语在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前，就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前叫全部倒装，如果只把be 动词或情态动词或助动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。
一、全部倒装
1. 用于there be句型。除be以外，能与 there 连用的动词还有 seem， exist， happen， appear， live ，stand 等。注意谓语动词的单复数取决于真正的主语。如：
There are many students in the classroom.
Once there lived a king who was cruel to his people.
2. 用于“here （there， now， then， out， in， up， down， away）+不及物动词+主语的句型中，表示强调.
Now comes our turn.
Out went the children.
连线考题：John opened the door. There _____ he had never seen before.
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood
C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
解析：D 注意这是全部倒装
注意：代词做主语时， 主谓语序不变.
In he comes.
Here you are.
3. 当句首状语是表示地点或方位的介词词组时，也常引起全部倒装。
From the valley came a frightening sound.
连线考题：At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______， one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
答案：A
4. 表语置于句首时， 倒装结构采用“表语（形容词 /过去分词 /介词短语+系动词be+主语”的结构
Present at the meeting were Professor White， Professor Smith and many other guests.
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.
二、部分倒装
1. only 位于句首+状语 / 状语从句+部分倒装（注意状语从句不倒装）
Only in this way can you learn English well.
连线考题：Only when _________ how important it is to master English.
A. did I work I realized B. I worked did I realize
C. did I work did I realize D. I worked I realized
解析： when I worked 为状语从句，不倒装。故答案B.
2. not until 放在句首 + 状语 / 状语从句 + 部分倒装 （注意状语从句不倒装）
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
3. 在 so / such…that…的结构中，若so / such 置于句首，则so后的句子部分倒装，但要注意that后的从句不倒装。
So difficult a problem is it that I can’t work it out.
Such a noble person is he that people all respect him.
切记：1. 2. 3.中不直接加部分倒装
4. 用于no sooner… than…， hardly… when… 和scarcely...when…的句型中。
句型： No sooner had sb. done sth. than sb. did sth. Hardly / Scarcely had sb. done sth. when sb. did sth.
Hardly had she gone out when the class began.
连线考题：No sooner ____ his talk than he ___ by the workers.
A. he finished； surrounded all B. did he finish； did surround
C. had he finished； was surrounded D. after he finished； was surrounded
解析：C 注意no sooner和than 后的时态，，且no sooner放在句首加部分倒装，但是than后的句子不倒装。
5. 用于 never， hardly， seldom， scarcely， little， at no time， not only， barely， rarely， little， not a bit 等否定词开头的句子里。 Never shall I do this again.
At no time can you say “no” to the order.
连线考题：I finally got the job. Never in all life___ so happy.
A. did I feel B. I felt
C. I had felt D. had I felt
解析：D 此题考察倒装和时态。我过去得到工作时happy，在这之前not happy.
6. 用于 so（也）， nor（也不），neither（也不）开头的句子，此句谓语应与前句谓语的时态形式一致。
Jack can not answer the question. Neither / Nor can I.
----He has been to Beijing.
----So have I.我也去过。
----So he has. 是的，他确实去过。
注意：so表 “的确如此”不用倒装。
7. 用于省略if 的虚拟条件句，将had， were， should 提到主语前边
Had you reviewed your lessons， you might have passed the examination.
由If you had reviewed your lessons 这样一个虚拟条件分句变过来的。
8. as “尽管” 需要使用特殊倒装，只需将不带冠词的名词 / 标语熊冗词 / 副词 / 动词原形提到as前面。
Pretty as she is， she is not clever.
Try as she might， Sue couldn’t open the door.
Child as she is， she knows a lot.
连线考题：______， he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be a student
解析：quiet不是表语形容词，故D不对，不带冠词的名词提到as“尽管”前面，故答案B.
一、全部倒装
1. 用于there be句型。除be以外，能与 there 连用的动词还有 seem， exist， happen， appear， live ，stand 等。注意谓语动词的单复数取决于真正的主语。如：
There are many students in the classroom.
Once there lived a king who was cruel to his people.
2. 用于“here （there， now， then， out， in， up， down， away）+不及物动词+主语的句型中，表示强调.
Now comes our turn.
Out went the children.
连线考题：John opened the door. There _____ he had never seen before.
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood
C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
解析：D 注意这是全部倒装
注意：代词做主语时， 主谓语序不变.
In he comes.
Here you are.
3. 当句首状语是表示地点或方位的介词词组时，也常引起全部倒装。
From the valley came a frightening sound.
连线考题：At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______， one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
答案：A
4. 表语置于句首时， 倒装结构采用“表语（形容词 /过去分词 /介词短语+系动词be+主语”的结构
Present at the meeting were Professor White， Professor Smith and many other guests.
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.
二、部分倒装
1. only 位于句首+状语 / 状语从句+部分倒装（注意状语从句不倒装）
Only in this way can you learn English well.
连线考题：Only when _________ how important it is to master English.
A. did I work I realized B. I worked did I realize
C. did I work did I realize D. I worked I realized
解析： when I worked 为状语从句，不倒装。故答案B.
2. not until 放在句首 + 状语 / 状语从句 + 部分倒装 （注意状语从句不倒装）
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
3. 在 so / such…that…的结构中，若so / such 置于句首，则so后的句子部分倒装，但要注意that后的从句不倒装。
So difficult a problem is it that I can’t work it out.
Such a noble person is he that people all respect him.
切记：1. 2. 3.中不直接加部分倒装
4. 用于no sooner… than…， hardly… when… 和scarcely...when…的句型中。
句型： No sooner had sb. done sth. than sb. did sth. Hardly / Scarcely had sb. done sth. when sb. did sth.
Hardly had she gone out when the class began.
连线考题：No sooner ____ his talk than he ___ by the workers.
A. he finished； surrounded all B. did he finish； did surround
C. had he finished； was surrounded D. after he finished； was surrounded
解析：C 注意no sooner和than 后的时态，，且no sooner放在句首加部分倒装，但是than后的句子不倒装。
5. 用于 never， hardly， seldom， scarcely， little， at no time， not only， barely， rarely， little， not a bit 等否定词开头的句子里。 Never shall I do this again.
At no time can you say “no” to the order.
连线考题：I finally got the job. Never in all life___ so happy.
A. did I feel B. I felt
C. I had felt D. had I felt
解析：D 此题考察倒装和时态。我过去得到工作时happy，在这之前not happy.
6. 用于 so（也）， nor（也不），neither（也不）开头的句子，此句谓语应与前句谓语的时态形式一致。
Jack can not answer the question. Neither / Nor can I.
----He has been to Beijing.
----So have I.我也去过。
----So he has. 是的，他确实去过。
注意：so表 “的确如此”不用倒装。
7. 用于省略if 的虚拟条件句，将had， were， should 提到主语前边
Had you reviewed your lessons， you might have passed the examination.
由If you had reviewed your lessons 这样一个虚拟条件分句变过来的。
8. as “尽管” 需要使用特殊倒装，只需将不带冠词的名词 / 标语熊冗词 / 副词 / 动词原形提到as前面。
Pretty as she is， she is not clever.
Try as she might， Sue couldn’t open the door.
Child as she is， she knows a lot.
连线考题：______， he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be a student
解析：quiet不是表语形容词，故D不对，不带冠词的名词提到as“尽管”前面，故答案B.