目的　阐明胰母细胞瘤的病理形态特征及鉴别诊断要点。方法　报告一例成人胰母细胞瘤并进行了组织形态学、免疫组织化学研究，结合文献对本病的临床表现、病理形态特点及鉴别诊断进行探讨。结果　胰母细胞瘤瘤组织呈巢状或小叶状；瘤细胞大小较一致，可见上皮细胞分化形成腺泡、腺管及实性岛样（ 鳞状小体） 结构，其周围为分布稀疏的圆形或多角形细胞；并可见平滑肌样细胞分化区。腺泡及腺管细胞多表达上皮性标志如 Ｃ Ｋ、低分子 Ｃ Ｋ 强阳性，高分子 Ｃ Ｋ 弱阳性，鳞状小体的细胞 Ｃ Ｋ 弱阳性，而 Ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ 阴性。部分上皮样细胞及未分化小细胞表达 Ｓ Ｙ、 Ｃｇ Ａ 内分泌示志，平滑肌样细胞 Ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ Ｈ Ｈ Ｆ３５ 阳性， Ｃ Ｋ 阴性。结论　胰母细胞瘤是一种少见肿瘤，起源于原始多潜能细胞，具有多向分化潜能，向上皮细胞、内分泌细胞及间叶细胞分化，鳞状小体是胰母细胞瘤特征改变，与其它发生在胰腺的腺癌不同 Objective To elucidate the pathological features and differential diagnosis of pancreatic tumor. METHODS: One case of adult pancreatic tumor was reported and histomorphological and immunohistochemical studies were performed. The clinical manifestations, pathological features and differential diagnosis of the disease were investigated in the literature. RESULTS Pancreatic cell tumors were nested or lobulated; the tumor cells were of uniform size and showed epithelial cells that differentiated to form acinar, glandular, and solid island-like (squamous) structures, surrounded by sparsely distributed circles. Shaped or polygonal cells; and smooth muscle-like cell differentiation zones can be seen. Acinar cells and acinar cells express multiple epithelial markers such as C K, strong low-molecular C K positive, weak polymer C K positive, and CK positive cells weakly positive, while Vimentin negative. Some epithelioid cells and undifferentiated small cells express S Y, Cg  A endocrine expression, smooth muscle-like cells Vimentin H H F35 positive, C K negative. Conclusion Pancreoblastoma is a rare tumor that originates from primitive pluripotent cells and has multi-directional differentiation potential. Epithelial cells, endocrine cells and mesenchymal cells differentiate. Squamous bodies are characteristic of pancreoblastoma, and other Adenocarcinomas that occur in the pancreas differ