呕血、便血或红细胞压积值急剧下降为主诉的消化道大出血,在小儿外科领域也常成为问题。成人的小量出血在小儿亦容易引起循环血量减少和休克,所以应尽可能在有限的时间内,用非损伤性的检查方法,做出病灶的部位诊断。引起小儿消化道大出血的主要疾病,除先天性门脉异常和胆道闭锁并发食道静脉曲张、胃十二指肠溃疡病外,尚有消化道畸型或由于胚胎发生学异常的疾病(美克耳氏憩室、消化道重复症、肠壁内血管瘤和动静脉畸型)及肠套迭等。最近应用改良的小儿内窥镜,在全身麻醉下,即使是对乳幼儿也能观察到食道、胃、十二指肠的病变,此外还 Hemoptysis, hematochezia or hematocrit sharp decline in the main complaint of gastrointestinal bleeding in the field of pediatric surgery is often a problem. A small amount of bleeding in adults is also likely to cause a reduction in circulating blood volume and shock in children, so the site of the lesion should be diagnosed in a limited time and with non-invasive examination. Cause of major gastrointestinal bleeding in children with major diseases, in addition to congenital portal hypertension and biliary atresia complicated by esophageal varices, gastroduodenal ulcer disease, there are gastrointestinal malformations or abnormalities due to embryogenesis (Meike Erke Diverticula, gastrointestinal complications, intestinal wall hemangiomas and arteriovenous malformations) and intussusception and so on. Recent application of modified pediatric endoscope, under general anesthesia, even for young children can also observe the esophagus, stomach, duodenal lesions, in addition