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目的:从microRNAs(miRNAs)调控角度揭示慢性乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染的分子机制.方法:将符合标准的病例分为慢性HBV感染者组(含慢性乙型肝炎及慢性HBV携带者)与正常组,借助Agilent Human miRNA 8×60k微阵列芯片检测血浆中miRNAs表达谱,求得两组间的差异表达miRNAs谱(P＜0.05),借助miRNA生物信息学分析软件预测其靶基因并对靶基因进行GO功能富集分析和Pathway分析.结果:两组间的差异表达miRNAs共69条(P＜0.05),28条上调,41条下调;GO分析及Pathway分析得到其功能主要涉及生物黏附、转录正/负调控、生物合成过程的正/负调控、氮化合物的代谢过程的正/负调控、蛋白质定位、蛋白氨基酸的磷酸化、Notch 信号传导途径、细胞凋亡、Wnt信号通路、Hedgehog信号通路、T细胞受体信号通路、MAPK信号通路、转化生长因子β信号通路、B细胞受体信号通路、ErbB信号通路、p53信号通路等.结论:慢性HBV感染受特异性miRNAs调控,其调控涉及多个生命过程和信号通路.“,”AIM:To reveal the molecular mechanism of chronic HBV infection from the perspective of microRNA (miRNA) regulation.METHODS:Patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (including chronic hepatitis B and chronic HBV carrier) and normal controls were included.Agilent Human miRNA8 x 60k microarray chip was used to profile the expression of miRNAs in plasma,to obtain differentially expressed miRNAs between the groups (P ＜ 0.05).miRNA bioinformatics analysis software was used to predict the target genes,and conduct GO functional enrichment analysis and pathway analysis of target genes.RESULTS:There were 69 differentially expressed miRNAs between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05),including 28 up-regulated and 41 down-regulated ones.By GO enrichment analysis and pathway analysis,the target genes are mainly involved in bioadhesive,positive/negative regulation of transcription,positive/negative regulation of biosynthesis,positive/negative regulation of metabolism of nitrogen compounds,protein localization,phosphorylation of protein amino acids.Notch signaling pathway,apoptosis,Wnt signal pathway,Hedgehog signaling pathway,T cell receptor signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,TGF-β signaling pathways,B cell receptor signaling pathway,ErbB signaling pathway,and p53signaling pathway.CONCLUSION:Chronic HBV infection is regulated by specific miRNAs,and the regulation involves a number of life processes and signaling pathways.