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石油是由许许多多分子量大小、结构不同的烷烃、烯烃、环烷烃、芳烃等组成的一个十分复杂的混合物,其中还含有硫、氮、氧、镍、钒等原子。近年来,由于现代仪器在石油分析测试中的应用,在石油炼制技术的开发过程中,也逐步深入去研究反应过程中烃分子结构的变化、烃分子结构与油品性能间的关系等等。本文试图从近年炼油技术的进展中去看结构化学所起的作用。 (一)无铅汽油的生产 国外环境保护条例日益严格,对汽油规格提出更高的要求。美国1988年1月起,全部使用无铅汽油(即不再允许加四乙基铅抗爆剂来提高汽油的辛烷值);欧
Petroleum is a very complex mixture of many kinds of alkanes, olefins, naphthenes, aromatic hydrocarbons and many other kinds of molecules with various molecular weights and different sizes, which contain sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, nickel, vanadium and other atoms. In recent years, due to the application of modern instruments in petroleum analysis and testing, in the process of petroleum refining technology development, the molecular structure changes of hydrocarbon molecules, the relationship between the molecular structure of hydrocarbon and the properties of oil products and so on . This article attempts to look at the role of structural chemistry in refining technology in recent years. (A) the production of unleaded petrol Foreign environmental protection regulations are increasingly stringent, the gasoline specifications put forward higher requirements. Since January 1988, the United States has used all unleaded petrol (that is, it no longer allows the addition of tetraethyl lead antiknock agent to increase the octane number of gasoline).