梁漱溟与毛泽东关于中国工业化的争论至今仍为很多学者所关注。实际上,在美国独立战争胜利不久,杰斐逊与汉密尔顿也进行过一场类似的争论。通过对比我们可以深入理解到,在一个生存竞争激烈的国际环境中,工业化从一开始就已超越了纯粹的经济动机,而带有国家生存发展的战略考虑。但与此同时,工业化所导致的集中趋势势必影响国内福利和权力的公平分配。因此,在工业化的基础上推进均衡发展是确保国家安全、繁荣与社会和谐的必然要求。 Liang Shu-ming and Mao Zedong’s debate on China’s industrialization are still of concern to many scholars. In fact, Jefferson and Hamilton did a similar argument shortly after the victory of the American Revolution. By contrast, we can understand that in a highly competitive and international environment, industrialization has surpassed purely economic motives from the outset and has strategic considerations of the country’s survival and development. At the same time, however, the central tendency of industrialization is bound to affect the fair distribution of domestic welfare and power. Therefore, promoting balanced development on the basis of industrialization is a necessary requirement for ensuring national security, prosperity and social harmony.