【摘 要】
：
Dear Editor,rnIn the last century,H1N1,H2N2,and H3N2 influenza viruses caused pandemics in 1918,1957,and 1968,respec-tively.In 2009,a novel H1N1 reassortant jumped from pigs to humans and caused a fourth influenza pandemic.Different lineages of H3N2 influ
【机 构】
：
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology,Harbin Veterinary Research Institute,Chinese Academ
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Dear Editor,rnIn the last century,H1N1,H2N2,and H3N2 influenza viruses caused pandemics in 1918,1957,and 1968,respec-tively.In 2009,a novel H1N1 reassortant jumped from pigs to humans and caused a fourth influenza pandemic.Different lineages of H3N2 influenza viruses are commonly found in animal reservoirs.Ira different lineage of H3N2 virus jumps to humans,another human influenza pandemic could occur with devastating consequences.We previously evaluated the transmissibility in ferrets of three H3N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs)--A/duck/Fujian/S2186/2011 (DK/FJ/S2186/11),A/duck/Guangxi/S4011/2014 (DK/GX/S4011/14),and A/duck/Guangxi/S4234/2014 (DK/GX/S4234/14)-that were isolated from live poultry markets in China,and found that DK/FJ/S2186/ll and DK/GX/S4234/14 each trans-mired to one of three exposed ferrets,whereas DK/GX/S4011/14 transmitted to all three exposed ferrets (Guan et al.,2019).Importantly,we found that H3N2 AIVs readily obtain mutations in hemagglutinin (HA) during replication in fer-rets,and some of these mutations have facilitated the spread of the avian influenza virus in humans and have contributed to previous pandemics (Connor et al.,1994).
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