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(一)绪论二十世纪的上半纪是科学和技术突飞猛进的时期。这个时期继承了十九世纪下半世纪的各种重要的科学发明和发现,广泛的应用到各种工业生产和农业生产上去,使各生产部门在量的方面和質的方面有史无前例的发展。在1850年前后物理学、化学、生物学上有了基本的发现和发明。那时代出现了电池、蓄电池、发电机和电动机、电燈分光镜,这许多发明品都顺利地应用到发电站、电报、和无线电。到十九世纪终了的时候出现了电影、汽车、蒸汽输、飞机等这许多发明品和它们的实际应用使工业生产有巨大的进展。但是十九世纪这许静多的发明物品還不算最重要的发明。十九世纪的最重要的发
(I) Introduction The first half of the twentieth century was a period of rapid scientific and technological advance. This period inherited various important scientific inventions and discoveries of the second half of the nineteenth century and was widely applied to various industrial and agricultural production so that all the departments of production enjoyed unprecedented growth both quantitatively and qualitatively. In 1850, physics, chemistry, biology, there are basic discoveries and inventions. Batteries, accumulators, generators and motors, and electric beam splitters appeared in those days, and many of these inventions were successfully applied to power stations, cables, and radios. By the end of the nineteenth century, many inventions such as films, cars, steam turbines and airplanes and their practical application had made great progress in industrial production. However, the nineteenth century, Xu Jing many inventions is not the most important inventions. The most important hair of the nineteenth century