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采用田间试验研究了施钾量和基追比对直播和移栽水稻产量和钾肥利用效率的影响,以明确直播水稻和移栽水稻适宜的钾肥施用方式。结果表明,水稻施钾增产效果显著,当钾肥一次性基施时,钾肥施用量为270kg/hm~2的增产效果好于施135kg/hm~2,且钾元素积累量最高,但其钾元素利用率最低。当钾肥用量为135kg/hm~2时,直播水稻钾肥一次性基施与分次施用效果无显著差异,而移栽水稻钾肥分为基肥和穗肥两次施用与一次性基施相比增产效果显著。直播水稻施钾是通过获得较高的穗数以提高产量,移栽水稻施钾则是通过增加每穗颖花数和提高千粒重而达到高产。直播水稻钾肥一次性基施增加的纯收益、钾元素积累量和钾元素表观利用率略高于钾肥分次施用,但差异不显著;而移栽水稻则相反,钾肥分次施用的纯收益较钾肥一次性基施增加1 833元/hm2,钾肥表观利用率显著高于钾肥一次性基施。研究表明施钾方式对直播水稻和移栽水稻产量提高及产量构成因子的影响存在差异,水稻生产应根据目标产量施足钾肥,建议直播水稻采用钾肥基施,而移栽水稻采用基肥和穗肥并重的运筹方式。
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of K application rate and base-dressing ratio on yield and K fertilizer use efficiency of direct-seeded and transplanted rice, in order to find out the suitable ways of applying K fertilizers in direct-seeded rice and transplanted rice. The results showed that the effect of increasing potassium fertility was significant. When potash fertilizer was applied in one time, the yield increase of 270kg / hm ~ 2 was better than that of 135kg / hm ~ 2, and the potassium accumulation was highest. However, Lowest utilization. When the amount of potash fertilizer was 135kg / hm ~ 2, there was no significant difference in the one-time basal application and sub-application of potash fertilizer in direct seeding rice, while the potash fertilizer in transplanted rice was divided into two basal application and basal application compared with one-time basal application Significant. In direct seeding rice, potassium fertilization achieved higher yield by increasing the number of spikelets per plant. Transplanting potassium in rice increased yield by increasing spikelet number per panicle and increasing 1000-grain weight. The net yield, potassium accumulation and apparent potassium utilization rate of direct seeding rice pot were higher than that of potash application, but the difference was insignificant, while that of transplanting rice was the contrary. The net yield of potash application A one-time base fertilizer application of potassium increased by 1833 yuan / hm2, the apparent utilization rate of potash fertilizer was significantly higher than that of potash one-time basal application. The results showed that the effects of potassium fertilization on yield increase and yield components of direct seeding rice and transplanted rice were different. Rice production should be applied with sufficient amount of potassium fertilizer according to the target yield. It is suggested that the direct seeding rice should be potash based, while the transplanted rice should be basal and panicle Emphasis on the way of operation.