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在我国老龄化程度不断加深的过程中,老人的居住模式选择及其福利问题变得越来越重要。我国传统的与子女合住的居住模式真的能改善老人福利吗?文章以我国老人的膳食质量为例,基于我国独特的“双向反馈”代际关系,从“亲代需求”和“子代需求”两个方面来讨论亲子合住居住模式对老人福利的影响,并利用2009年与2011年中国居民健康与营养调查(CHNS)的数据加以实证检验。研究表明:(1)与子女合住的居住模式非但没有改善反而降低了老人的平衡膳食得分,尤其在低龄老人、农村老人和女性老人中更为明显。(2)从影响渠道来看,亲子合住居住模式家庭中老人为满足子女的抚幼需求而无私地投入时间和精力,但老人的照料需求却没有得到很好的满足,代际关系重心向下偏移是造成老人膳食质量下降的主要原因。文章为不同居住模式下老人福利干预政策的制定和社会养老服务体系的建设提供了实证依据。
In the course of the deepening of the aging of our country, the choice of the living pattern of the elderly and their welfare issues have become more and more important. In our country, the traditional mode of living together with children can improve the welfare of the elderly. Taking the quality of the elderly in China as an example, based on the unique “two-way feedback” intergenerational relationship in our country, from “parental demand” and “Descendant Demand ” to discuss the impact of parent-child living patterns on the welfare of the elderly and to test the data from the 2009 and 2011 CHNS data. The research shows that: (1) The living patterns of living with children not only improve but also reduce the balanced dietary scores of the elderly, especially in the elderly with low age, the elderly in rural areas and the elderly in rural areas. (2) From the perspective of influencing channels, the elderly in family with parent-child living model devote time and energy selflessly to meet the needs of their children. However, the care needs of the elderly are not well met and the interdependency center of gravity Under the offset is the main reason for the decline in the quality of the elderly meal. The article provides empirical evidence for the establishment of welfare intervention for the elderly under different living modes and the construction of social pension service system.