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地下岩石在构造应力的作用下逐渐积累了能量,当应力增强到岩石破裂强度时,岩石便发生剧烈的错动,久蓄的应变能便以地震波的形式传开。这正像在水面上投下一颗石子那样,激起的浪花向四面八方缓缓传开。由于地震波较为复杂,因此,了解地震波的特点,哪种波的危害最大;人的感觉如何?怎样又根据人的感觉来判断震中远近及地震烈度等。这对我们正确地认识地震是有很大帮助的。
Under the action of tectonic stress, the underground rock gradually accumulates energy. When the stress increases to the rupture strength of the rock, the rock undergoes violent dislocation, and the strain energy of long accumulation spreads in the form of seismic waves. It was just like dropping a stone on the water, and the waves stirred up slowly in all directions. Because of the complexity of seismic waves, it is very important to understand the characteristics of seismic waves and what kind of waves are most harmful. How do people feel? How to determine the epicentral distance and seismic intensity according to human feelings? This is very helpful for us to correctly understand the earthquake.