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超声背散射技术在松质骨骨质无损评价中极具前景。本文介绍了一种新型超声背散射骨质诊断仪(UBBD)及其在新生儿骨质状况评价中的应用。超声背散射骨质诊断仪具有无损、无电离辐射、便携及操作简便等优点,可以在短时间内(5 s)获得人体松质骨背散射信号。笔者共采集了467例新生儿(268男/199女)左侧跟骨处的背散射信号,所用探头中心频率为3.5 MHz。逐步调节背散射有效信号(SOI)的延迟(T1)和长度(T2),计算表观积分背散射(AIB)、表观背散射频率斜率(FSAB)及零频率截距(FIAB)和频谱质心偏移量(SCS)等参数。结果表明,背散射有效信号的选取对背散射测量有直接的影响。当T1较短时(<8μs),AIB和FIAB与新生儿胎龄有显著的正相关性(|R|_(max)=0.45,P<0.001);而当T1较长时(>10μs),AIB和FIAB负相关于新生儿胎龄(|R|_(max)=0.56,P<0.001),还可以观察到FSAB和SCS与新生儿胎龄有中度的正相关性(|R|_(max)=0.45,P<0.001)。T2对背散射测量的影响较小,引起相关系数的波动较小。本文通过自制的松质骨超声诊断仪证明超声背散射信号用于评价新生儿骨质状况的可行性。本文还提出了明确的背散射有效信号选取规则及新生儿骨质评价标准。
Ultrasound backscatter technology in cancellous bone nondestructive evaluation of great prospects. This article describes a new ultrasound backscatter bone diagnostic apparatus (UBBD) and its application in the assessment of bone status in newborns. Ultrasound Backscatter Bone Scanner has the advantages of non-destructive, ionizing radiation-free, portable and easy to operate, and can obtain human cancellous bone backscatter signal in a short time (5 s). The author collected a total of 467 newborns (268 men / 199 women) at the left calcaneus at the backscatter signal, the probe center frequency of 3.5 MHz. The apparent integral backscatter (AIB), apparent backscatter frequency slope (FSAB) and zero-frequency intercept (FIAB) and spectral centroid were calculated by gradually adjusting the delay (T1) and length (T2) of backscattered effective signal (SOI) Offset (SCS) and other parameters. The results show that the effective backscatter signal selection has a direct impact on backscatter measurements. There was a significant positive correlation between AIB and FIAB and neonatal gestational age (| R | _ (max) = 0.45, P <0.001) when T1 was short (<8μs) (| R | _ (max) = 0.56, P <0.001). A positive correlation between FSAB and SCS and neonatal gestational age was also observed (| R | _ (max) = 0.45, P <0.001). The effect of T2 on the backscatter measurement is small, causing the fluctuation of the correlation coefficient to be small. This article through the home-made cancellous bone ultrasound diagnosis of ultrasonic backscatter signals used to evaluate the feasibility of bone status in newborns. This paper also proposed a clear backscatter effective signal selection rules and neonatal bone evaluation criteria.