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农民问题长期以来一直是中国最基本的社会问题。尽管具有农民身份的人仍占中国人口的大多数,但在社会生活各个方面却受到不平等的待遇。中国的城乡二元社会结构既是农民长期以来受到歧视的制度性社会基础,也是近些年来城乡差别日益扩大的基本原因,同时还是中国现代化进程中所面临着的一个巨大障碍。本文重点研究是城乡二元社会结构在中国形成的起因及其过程,并探讨苏联模式对中国的影响。通过此项研究,不仅希望能澄清当代社会农民受到歧视的历史缘由,而且试图对当代中国社会的深层次改革问题进行思索。
The peasant problem has long been the most basic social problem in China. Although peasants still account for the majority of the Chinese population, they are treated unequally in all aspects of social life. China’s urban-rural dual social structure is not only the institutional social basis for farmers’ discrimination over a long period of time, but also the basic reason for the growing gap between urban and rural areas in recent years. It is also a huge obstacle in the process of China’s modernization. This paper focuses on the causes and process of the dual social structure of urban and rural areas in China and explores the impact of the Soviet model on China. Through this study, we not only hope to clarify the historical reasons for the discrimination of peasants in contemporary society, but also try to reflect on the deep reform in contemporary Chinese society.