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目的通过学龄前儿童心理健康档案的建立与应用,摸索开展儿童心理保健的途径。方法在儿童入园时建立心理健康档案,档案管理周期为3年。每半年进行1次监测(由托幼机构协助开展),监测内容包括基本信息采集、感觉统合评价、行为问题分析。对发现问题者依据严重程度及时进行咨询指导或干预训练。结果建立心理健康档案共600人次,感觉统合失调检出率为38.50%(231/600),行为问题检出率为9.17%(55/600)。不同性别儿童感觉统合失调检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.699,P<0.05),但行业问题检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.217,P>0.05)。不同性别儿童感觉统合失调严重程度比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.576,P<0.05)。接受咨询指导102人,感觉统合训练65人,沙盘治疗21人,生物反馈仪治疗2人。其中临床好转78人,治愈26人。管理中流失率较高是与家长对儿童心理健康问题的关注程度和心理健康档案管理的认识不足有关。结论采用建立学龄前儿童心理档案的管理方式能够起到对儿童心理行为问题早发现、早干预的作用,但要维持档案式管理的正常运行必须要考虑并解决以下3个环节的问题:提高儿童家长的认知水平,取得托幼机构配合以及做好个性化指导。
Objective To explore ways to develop mental health care in preschool children through the establishment and application of mental health files for preschool children. Methods The mental health records were set up when children were admitted to the park. The file management period was 3 years. Monitoring is carried out once every six months (assisted by nurseries and childbirth). The monitoring includes basic information collection, sensory integration evaluation and behavioral problem analysis. On the basis of the severity of the problems found in the timely counseling or intervention training. Results A total of 600 mental health records were established. The detection rate of sensory integration disorders was 38.50% (231/600) and the rate of behavioral problems was 9.17% (55/600). There was significant difference in the detection rate of sensory integration disorder among children of different genders (χ ~ 2 = 9.699, P <0.05), but no significant difference was found in the detection rate of the industry problems (χ ~ 2 = 1.217, P> 0.05). The difference of sensory integration disorder among children of different genders was statistically significant (Z = -4.576, P <0.05). 102 people received counseling, sensory integration training of 65 people, 21 people treated with sand table, biofeedback instrument for 2 people. Among them, 78 were clinically improved and 26 were cured. The higher turnover rate in management is related to the parents’ concern about children’s mental health problems and the lack of awareness of mental health records management. Conclusion The establishment of preschool children’s psychological archives management can play an early role in early detection and early intervention of children’s psychological behavior problems. However, in order to maintain the normal operation of archival management, we must consider and solve the following three issues: raising children Parents’ cognitive level, with nurseries and institutions to achieve and personal guidance.