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美国公共图书馆的阅读指导服务(Readers’advisory Service)已行之多年,可以追溯至19世纪70年代。文章将19世纪70年代至今的美国公共图书馆阅读指导服务发展历程划分为四个阶段,即:萌芽时期、兴盛时期、瓶颈时期与复兴时期。基于历史发展的脉络分析,推动美国公共图书馆阅读指导服务发展的因素包括:行业协会的支持、图书馆角色的重新定位、参考资源的涌现以及专业馆员对服务的推动。通过对美国公共图书馆阅读指导服务发展历史的回顾与展望,提出未来此项服务的研究方向。
The Readers Advisory Service at the Public Library of America has been around for many years dating back to the 1870s. The article divides the development history of American public library reading guidance service from the 1970s till the present into four stages: the budding period, the prosperous period, the bottleneck period and the rejuvenation period. Based on the context analysis of historical development, the factors driving the development of reading services in public libraries in the United States include support from trade associations, reorientation of library roles, emergence of reference resources, and promotion of services by professional librarians. Through reviewing and prospecting the history of the development of American public library reading guidance service, this paper proposes the research direction of this service in the future.