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中国民俗学的发展与人类学有不解之缘。在上半个世纪,中国民俗学从发轫到初步定型的整个过程所积累的学术规范主要有两大渊源,其一是研究神话、传说、故事的人文学科,其二就是把民俗作为古代“遗留物”来研究的早期人类学。中国学者从这两个源头吸取思想方法,创造了研究中国民俗的成功例子,如顾颉刚的孟姜女故事研究、闻一多的端午习俗研究。当民俗学在七十年代末得以重新恢复的时候,这些例子成为大多数民俗研究的典范,并带来了此类研究在八十年代的空前繁荣。与此同时,这两种学术传统在思想方法上的局限性也越来越充分地暴露出来,中国民俗学的范式危机逐渐成为学界同仁关注的一个中心。在这个危机关头,当代人类学的理论方法可能成为中国民俗研究最重要的学术取向,可能成为中国民俗学最有效的生长点。
The Development of Chinese Folklore Has a Indissociable Relationship with Anthropology. In the first half of the century, there are mainly two main sources of academic norms accumulated in the whole process of Chinese folklore from the beginning to the initial stereotype. One is the study of the humanities of myths, legends and stories. The second is that the folklore is left as an ancient Things "to study the early anthropology. Chinese scholars have drawn ideas and methods from these two sources and created successful examples of studying Chinese folk customs. For example, Gu Jigang’s Meng Jiangnv story research and Wen Yiduo’s study on the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival. When folklore was restored in the late 1970s, these examples became a model for most folklore research and brought unprecedented prosperity to such research in the 1980s. At the same time, the limitations of these two academic traditions are more and more exposed. The paradigm crisis of Chinese folklore has gradually become a center of attention of academic colleagues. At this moment of crisis, the theoretical methods of contemporary anthropology may become the most important academic orientation of Chinese folklore and may become the most effective growth point of Chinese folklore.