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为了解苗期冷激锻炼对番茄幼苗生长和花芽分化的影响,试验采用人工气候箱模拟夏季设施高温环境,每天对番茄幼苗进行10℃、10 min的冷激锻炼,研究冷激处理对高温胁迫下番茄幼苗生长、叶片超微结构和花芽分化进程的影响,并观察定植后开花和坐果情况.结果表明:在4叶期经过冷激锻炼的番茄幼苗茎粗、壮苗指数分别比对照提高了7.2%和55.5%;经过冷激锻炼处理的番茄幼苗叶片中叶绿体和线粒体等细胞器形状及结构正常完整,一定程度上缓解了高温对番茄幼苗叶肉细胞超微结构的破坏;冷激锻炼显著提高了番茄幼苗早期花芽分化的分化进程,但随着苗龄的延长这种差异变得不显著.定植后经冷激处理的番茄幼苗第1、2穗果的坐果数和坐果率显著高于未经冷激处理.表明冷激锻炼不仅能够缓解高温对番茄幼苗细胞超微结构的伤害和生长的胁迫,还有利于早期花芽分化进程的提前,提高番茄坐果数和坐果率.
In order to understand the effect of cold shock training on tomato seedling growth and flower bud differentiation at seedling stage, artificial climate chamber was used to simulate the hot environment of summer facility. The tomato seedlings were subjected to cold shock training at 10 ℃ for 10 min every day. The effects of cold shock treatment on high temperature stress Under the growth of tomato seedlings, the ultrastructure of leaves and the process of flower bud differentiation, and the flowering and fruit setting after planting were observed.The results showed that the stem diameter and strong seedling index of tomato seedlings increased significantly 7.2%, and 55.5% respectively. The shape and structure of organelles such as chloroplast and mitochondria in tomato seedling leaves treated with cold shock were normal and intact, which could alleviate the damage of the ultrastructure of tomato seedling cell to some extent. However, with the increase of seedling age, the difference became insignificant.When the first and second fruit of cold-stressed tomato seedlings were colonized, the number of fruit set and fruit setting rate were significantly higher than those without Cold shock treatment showed that cold shock training not only can alleviate the high temperature on tomato seedling cell ultrastructure damage and growth stress, but also conducive to early flower buds Process in advance, improving tomato fruit set and fruit set.