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目的 了解包头居民对乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎的防治知识知晓率、态度和行为(Knowledge-attitude-practice,KAP)现况,为居民乙肝、丙肝健康教育措施调整提供依据.方法 采取分层随机抽样的方法,在包头市城区、城乡结合部和农村各随机抽取市民300人,采用面对面调查的方式,开展乙肝、丙肝防治KAP及信息获取情况的调查.结果 市民对乙肝和丙肝防治知识的总体知晓率分别为35.11％和28.22％,城市居民知晓率高于城乡结合部和农村(x2=10.753,P=0.005),城乡结合部和农村居民知晓率无统计学差异(x2 =0.415,P＞0.05).女性知晓率高于男性(x2=5.511,P＜0.05).非医护人员中,33.66％的居民因害怕被感染而选择避免与乙肝、丙肝患者交往.居民对乙肝防治知识知晓率高于丙肝.无业人员、农民和民工知晓率最低.年龄、性别、职业、受教育程度与是否掌握乙肝、丙肝防控知识知晓率有关.结论 包头市居民乙肝和丙肝防治知识知晓率水平较低,应加强对市民(尤其是高危人群)的健康教育,采取有效宣教措施提高居民防治知识的知晓率.“,”Objective To investigate the current awareness status of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among the residents of Baotou city as well as the influencing factors,so as to provide evidences for adjusting the health education measures.Methods From urban,urban-rural fringe and rurual areas in Baotou city,300 residents were recruited from each type of the area by stratified random sampling method.The subjects were interviewed using a knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) questionnaire of hepatitis B and hepatitis C.Knowledge on HBV and HCV transmission,diagnosis,prognosis and information acquisition were included in the questionnaire.Results Only 35.11％ of the subjects understand the HBV protective measures,and 28.22％ for HCV.The knowledge rates of HBV and HCV among urban residents were higher than that of rural-urban fringe and rural areas (x2 =10.753,P =0.005).The rates had no statistical difference between subjects from rural-urban fringe and rural areas (x2 =0.415,P ＞0.05).The awareness rate in female was higher than male (x2 =5.511,P ＜ 0.05).Among subjects without medical background,33.66％ of the subjects refused to contact with HBV and HCV patients because they were afraid of being infected.The multivariable analysis indicated that age,gender,occupation and educational status were positively associated with the knowledge awareness rate of prevention and control.Conclusions The awareness rate of HBV and HCV among residents in Baotou was low.Health education should be enhanced for the residents,and high risk groups to improve awareness of the diseases.