晚清是一个国家主义狂飙的年代,在社会达尔文主义的导引之下,中国人相信优胜劣汰,强权就是公理,国家实力就是一切。然而,日益弥漫的物质实利主义摧毁了中国的政治秩序和道德秩序,造成了民国初年的政治乱局与精神危机。不久后世界大战,成为重要的历史转折点,中国知识分子在战争的废墟之中意识到国家主义 The late Qing Dynasty was the era of radical nationalism. Under the guidance of social Darwinism, the Chinese believe in survival of the fittest, power is the axiom, and national power is everything. However, increasingly materialistic materialism has destroyed China’s political and moral order and created the political chaos and spiritual crisis in the early years of the Republic of China. Shortly after World War, an important turning point in history, Chinese intellectuals were aware of nationalism among the ruins of the war