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2015年高考全国新课标文综卷Ⅰ第37题,背景材料提供了关于青藏铁路建设者创造性地提出“主动降温、冷却路基、保护冻土”的新思路和热棒新技术。其中,第三个问题是根据热棒的工作原理,判断热棒散热的工作季节(冬季或夏季)。笔者通过原理详解、热棒知识辨析和解决冻土问题的其他措施举例分析,加以具体说明。一、路基不稳定的原理分析高原铁路的修建关键是克服冻土的影响。冻土对温度极为敏感,在冻结的状态下,冻土就像冰一样,随着温度的降低体积发生膨胀,建在上面的路基和钢轨
The 2015 National College Entrance Examination papers Volume I Volume 37, the background material provides a new idea about the Qinghai-Tibet Railway builders creatively proposed “active cooling, cooling subgrade, protect the frozen soil,” the new ideas and hot rod new technology. Among them, the third problem is based on the working principle of the hot rod, hot rod to determine the working season (winter or summer). I explain the principle, the analysis of hot rods and other measures to resolve the problem of frozen soil for example analysis, to be specified. First, the principle of unstable subgrade The key to the construction of plateau railway is to overcome the impact of frozen soil. Permafrost is extremely temperature sensitive. In the frozen state, permafrost is like ice, expanding in volume as the temperature decreases, building subgrade and rail above it