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由病毒引起的蜜蜂疾病叫做蜜蜂病毒病。蜜蜂病毒病对蜜蜂危害很大,例如囊状幼虫病造成我国中蜂大量死亡,因此,研究蜜蜂病毒病有十分重要的意义。病毒是一类形态最小,结构最简单的微生物,它必须在一定的活细胞内才能生长繁殖。绝大多数病毒在普通光学显微镜下不能分辨。病毒大小的测量单位是毫微米(μm),大的病毒可达450μm,而最小的病毒仅有7—12μm。用负性染色技术和电子显微镜可观察到病毒的形态结构。成熟病毒颗粒由蛋白质外壳,包裹着单分子核酸构成,某些病毒外边还有蛋白质膜套组成的包膜。一种病毒只含有一种类型的核酸,或是DNA,或是RNA,其形态是多种多样的。根据病毒寄生的寄主不同可分动物病毒、植物病毒、昆虫病毒、细菌病毒。蜜蜂病毒属于昆虫病毒一类。
The bee disease caused by a virus is called a bee virus disease. Bee virus disease is very harmful to bees, for example, cystic larval disease caused a large number of bee deaths in our country, therefore, the study of bee virus disease has very important significance. Viruses are a type of microorganisms that are the smallest in size and simplest in structure. They must grow within a certain number of living cells. The vast majority of viruses can not be resolved under ordinary light microscope. Virus size is measured in nanometers (μm), large viruses up to 450μm, and the smallest virus only 7-12μm. The morphological structure of the virus can be observed with negative staining techniques and electron microscopy. Mature virus particles from the protein shell, wrapped with single-molecule nucleic acid composition, some viruses outside the envelope also consists of protein membrane. A virus contains only one type of nucleic acid, or DNA, or RNA, in a variety of forms. According to the different parasitic host virus can be divided animal virus, plant virus, insect virus, bacterial virus. Bee viruses belong to the category of insect viruses.