AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of Guiyuanfang and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) on rats with liver fibrosis.METHODS: Liver fibrosis model was induced by carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, high lipid and assessed biochemically and histologically. Liver function and hydroxyproline contents of liver tissue were determined.Serum hyaluronic acid (HA) level and procollagen Ⅲ level were performed by radioimmunoassay. The VG staining was used to evaluate the collagen deposit in the liver.Immunohistochemical SABC methods were used to detect transplanted BMSCs and expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA).RESULTS: Serum transaminase level and liver fibrosis in rats were markedly reduced by Guiyuanfang and BMSCs. HA level and procollagen Ⅲ level were also reduced obviously,compared to model rats (HA: 47.18±10.97 ng/mL,48.96±14.79 ng/mL; PCⅢ: 22.48±5.46 ng/mL, 26.90±3.35ng/mL; P＜0.05).Hydroxyproline contents of liver tissue in both BMSCs group and Guiyuanfang group were far lower than that of model group (1 227.2±43.1 μg/g liver tissue, 1390.8±156.3 μg/g liver tissue; P＜0.01). After treatment fibrosis scores were also reduced. Both Guiyuanfang and BMSCs could increase the expression of uPA. The transplanted BMSCs could engraft, survive, and proliferate in the liver.CONCLUSION: Guiyuanfang protects against liver fibrosis.Transplanted BMSCs may engraft, survive, and proliferate in the fibrosis livers indefinitely. Guiyuanfang may synergize with BMSCs to improve recovery from liver fibrosis.