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“德艺双馨生命似奔流大河绽放一路华芳；影剧齐光心灵如叮咚泉水馥郁满园瑞草。”这副挽联，概括了张瑞芳的艺术成就和人格魅力。联中所含的《大河奔流》和《泉水叮咚》分别是张瑞芳早期和晚期的代表作。
爱唱《渔光曲》的张瑞芳
她是“李双双”，她是“陶奶奶”。她是《家》中的大家闺秀瑞珏，她是《南征北战》中的村长赵玉敏、《聂耳》中的革命女性郑雷电……?她塑造的那些光彩照人的银幕形象，定格在影迷心中。
早在上世纪40年代，在中国的电影、话剧界，曾升起过4颗耀眼的明星，被人们誉为重庆影剧界的“四大名旦”，这就是：张瑞芳、秦怡、白杨、舒绣文。她们那时都不过是20多岁的青年演员，却已显示了非凡的艺术才华，形成了各自的演艺风格。如今这四大名旦只剩下了秦怡。
2012年7月3日，著名表演艺术家张瑞芳告别会，秦怡来得最早，躲在角落默默垂泪。当年“四大名旦”中，数秦怡和张瑞芳最亲，她视年长4岁的瑞芳为姐姐，“她就像我们的领头人，有瑞芳在，就觉得安心。我们有什么困难都会向她倾诉，她也乐于帮大家排忧解难。”回忆起与张瑞芳在一起时的往事，秦怡激动地说：“瑞芳歌唱得好，而且中外歌曲都会唱。”“1999年上海国际电影节期间，张瑞芳提议一起唱《渔光曲》。我说歌词都记不清了。没想到她一字不差地把歌词都默写下来。几十年过去了，她还能清楚地记得那首歌曲的歌词。”
老导演李前宽回忆起10年前的一次大型活动时说：“瑞芳以84岁的高龄登台，一首《渔光曲》技惊全场。”
张瑞芳少年时和母亲、姐姐同为党的地下工作者，曾为在她家中秘密开会的蒋南翔、荣高棠等在门外放哨。从念中学开始，她出演进步戏剧。1938年，她加入了中国共产党。1940年开始投身于大银幕，一生成就斐然。
抗战胜利之初，张瑞芳正在重庆。1945年8月28日，毛泽东应蒋介石之邀，到重庆参加国共和谈。在周恩来的安排下，毛泽东接见了在重庆的部分戏剧电影界人士。当时，张瑞芳也接到了通知，当她兴冲冲地来到曾家岩50号八路军办事处时，毛泽东已在那里等候了。见了张瑞芳，毛泽东立刻和她亲切握手，并致问候。同时被接见的还有白杨、舒绣文、吴茵等人，都是话剧、电影界的知名人士。由于张瑞芳从1941年至1946年一直与周恩来单线联系，因此她同周恩来、邓颖超夫妇很熟。在每一个成长的关键时刻，张瑞芳都会受到周恩来的鼓励和支持。
银幕上永远的“李双双”
在中国电影史上，《李双双》是一部展示中国农村妇女崭新精神风貌的优秀影片。李双双这个妇女队长爽直泼辣，快人快语，敢于同自私现象作斗争，遇到开心的事咯咯大笑，遇到麻烦的事处理果断，同时对孩子疼爱有加，对丈夫体贴入微。张瑞芳原本就快人快语、大度爽朗，在片中几乎是本色出演。当年，张瑞芳主演李双双的出色演艺，令不少电影同行都惊叹不已。“李双双”，让她达到了电影演艺事业的巅峰。在上世纪60年代，“李双双”这个形象是一个“接地气”的平民英雄。一时间，全国上下出现“三亿神州新姊妹，人人竞学李双双”的新风尚。在第二届“大众电影百花奖”的获奖名单上，《李双双》一举获得四个“最佳”：最佳影片、最佳编剧、最佳女演员和最佳配角奖。
1962年，刚结束对日本访问回到北京的张瑞芳，被周恩来总理邀请到家中吃饭。周总理见到她的第—句话就是：“今天请你吃螃蟹，是因为《李双双》这部好戏。”
张瑞芳在艺术上对自己的要求很高，每一次演出、每一个角色的塑造都致力精益求精。她说：“对于演戏，我一向比较认真。演舞台戏的时候，不管演出多少场、多么疲劳，我不会偷工减料，否则我的情绪就难以继续。”拍电影也同样如此，她不仅事先认真钻研剧本，做好充分准备，而且拍摄时的每一个镜头、每一个动作都力求真实完美地表现出角色的情感和性格。她说：“在电影表演上，什么是最美的？我想应当是最‘真’才最美。这个‘真’，就是最能将人物在那个特定情景中最准确的感情和动作表达出来，这是美的最重要的前提。”
张瑞芳的一生献身艺术、探索艺术。在话剧、电影和电视的创作领域里，都留下了她辛勤探索的足迹。特别是在话剧表演和电影表演两个方面，她都取得了显著的成绩。在中国现代话剧史和中国当代电影史上，她所塑造的一些经典艺术形象，不仅载入了史册，而且还活在广大观众的心里。
她曾获第二届“大众电影百花奖”最佳女演员奖、第26届中国电影金鸡奖终身成就奖。1993年，张瑞芳与白杨、陈强等被授予中国电影表演艺术学会奖特别荣誉奖。2007年在第10届上海国际电影节上，她又荣获“华语电影终身成就奖”。在电影后辈的心中，张瑞芳是位大艺术家、“百花女神”。
上影集团总裁任仲伦说，在中国电影界，张瑞芳老师始终是一面旗帜。她是德艺双馨的典范，德高则人心归。2005年，为纪念中国电影诞生100周年，国家有关部门联合表彰“国家有突出贡献电影艺术家”，张瑞芳是唯一一名全票通过的候选人。
最放不下电影事业和“爱晚亭”敬老院
电影界晚辈眼中，张瑞芳是不折不扣的“电影奶奶”，她不遗余力提携后人，始终情系中国电影的未来。1982年，上影厂开拍儿童电影《泉水叮咚》，已过花甲的张瑞芳出演家庭幼儿园园长陶奶奶，与她搭戏的童星陆毅，当时还只是个“小不点儿”，但正是这一曲《泉水叮咚响》开启了一批青年电影人的艺术生涯。陆毅说，5岁时第一次拍戏，就和张瑞芳老师在一起，我们一群孩子都亲切地称她“陶奶奶”。我们会永远记得这位可敬的“陶奶奶”。《泉水叮咚》导演石晓华回忆，当时自己是第一次独立拍片，想都没敢想能够请张瑞芳老师来演“陶奶奶”，她是“让人仰视的一座高山”。没想到她看完剧本后非常爽快地答应扮演“陶奶奶”。“后来张瑞芳老师来了，帮我们改剧本，把生硬的文学化语言全部改成生活气息很浓的口语。”
晚年的张瑞芳见到前来探望的赵薇时，第一句话便是：“我可喜欢看《还珠格格》了，小燕子，我可是你的‘粉丝’啊！”立刻把在场的人都逗乐了。
电影演员张芝华回忆起张瑞芳数度哽咽，“今年一月，去华东医院看过张老师，后来断断续续又去看过她几次。她清醒时还告诉我们在听剧，遗憾的是并不知道她最后都听的什么剧。”她说，张瑞芳生前最关心年轻演员的成长，像他们这一辈年轻演员中不少人的艺术人生基本都是张瑞芳“带大”的。张瑞芳病中听到年轻演员汇报自己的演艺近况显得异常高兴。那天告别会，后辈的影视名角唐国强、张瑜、张芝华、奚美娟等人几乎悉数到场。 据张瑞芳身边工作人员回忆，老人最放不下的还是中国电影的未来。
晚年的张瑞芳，又将目光投注到了老人的身上。她用毕生积蓄与老教育家顾毓青合作创办了“爱晚亭”敬老院，一心要为那些与自己有着共同爱好、共同语言的老人建造一个温馨家园。在那个时候，敬老院还是一个新鲜事物。“爱晚亭”就像人生的舞台，上演着一幕幕老人们的悲欢离合和喜怒哀乐，这触动着张瑞芳的心。她生前，但凡自己走得动，每周都会抽时间去跟老人们唱唱歌、聊聊天。她还与《红色娘子军》作曲者黄准等一起创作了敬老歌《百岁不用愁》。她唱起这支歌来，声情并茂，令后辈为之动容。
Zhang Ruifang Passes Away at 94
By Yu Meilan
Zhang Ruifang (1918-2012), a prominent film artist, died at the age of 94 in Shanghai on June 28, 2012. As she is part of China’s cinematic memory over the past 60 years, there has been a wave of recollections in the media tracing her beauty, career, and stories through war and peace and chaotic years of political vicissitudes.
Zhang Ruifang might have been an artist had the Japanese invaders not come killing people and devastating China. Her father was an artillery officer and her mother was an artist. The young Zhang Ruifang wanted to be a painter but the Japanese invasion into China smashed her dream. She took part in street drama shows to promote patriotism. With amateur drama troupes, she traveled across the country staging shows and calling for war efforts against Japanese invasion. The experience of performing and seeing human tragedies caused by the war enabled her to mature as an artist. As her mother and elder sister were undercover Communists, Zhang Ruifang joined the Communist Party of China in 1938. The year 1940 marked the beginning of her film career.
In the 1940s, she was one of China’s four best young dramatists and film artists in Chongqing, the wartime capital of China. When Mao Zedong came to Chongqing in 1945 for negotiating national peace as the war had just ended, the Communist leader met with celebrities in Chongqing during his stay in the wartime capital. Zhang Ruifang was one of these celebrities.
What turned Zhang Ruifang into a national celebrity was her 1962 film Li Shuangshuang. In the comedy, she is a rural woman who is honest and wise, which sometimes causes some trouble with her husband. If her wartime characters were seen by people in Chongqing, her characterization of Li Shuangshuang in 1962 was admired and appreciated by the whole nation. She won Hundred Flowers Award for Best Actress in 1963 for her role in the film.
In her 42-year film career, she appeared in 15 films, 13 of which were made after 1949. Her last film was made in 1982. In 1993, she was honored with the special award of China Film Performing Art Association. In 2005, she was designated by the state government as a National Film Artist for Outstanding Contribution. The honor was given in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of cinema. She was the only one who was unanimously selected for the honor. At the 10th Shanghai International Film Festival in 2007, she was honored with a Lifetime Achievement Award.
Though she seldom appeared in films in her evening years, she still promoted cinematic art. She had many friends, many of whom were young film stars.
One big thing she did in her evening years was that in 2000, the 82-year-old Zhang founded a care house for old people in partnership with her friend Gu Yuqing, an educator. Zhang donated all her savings to the undertaking. Her son in Australia sent in cash. Many people donated. It is called Ai Wan Ting (meaning “love-evening pavilion”), which reminds people of a Tang poem that describes how a poet stops to enjoy a scene of maple woods at dusk moment. The 1,400-m2 house is situated in a small courtyard in Changning District in downtown Shanghai. The three-story house has 20 rooms for 40 people. On the ground floor are a canteen, a poker room, a bar, and a banquet room. She frequently visited the house to spend time with old people living there.
爱唱《渔光曲》的张瑞芳
她是“李双双”，她是“陶奶奶”。她是《家》中的大家闺秀瑞珏，她是《南征北战》中的村长赵玉敏、《聂耳》中的革命女性郑雷电……?她塑造的那些光彩照人的银幕形象，定格在影迷心中。
早在上世纪40年代，在中国的电影、话剧界，曾升起过4颗耀眼的明星，被人们誉为重庆影剧界的“四大名旦”，这就是：张瑞芳、秦怡、白杨、舒绣文。她们那时都不过是20多岁的青年演员，却已显示了非凡的艺术才华，形成了各自的演艺风格。如今这四大名旦只剩下了秦怡。
2012年7月3日，著名表演艺术家张瑞芳告别会，秦怡来得最早，躲在角落默默垂泪。当年“四大名旦”中，数秦怡和张瑞芳最亲，她视年长4岁的瑞芳为姐姐，“她就像我们的领头人，有瑞芳在，就觉得安心。我们有什么困难都会向她倾诉，她也乐于帮大家排忧解难。”回忆起与张瑞芳在一起时的往事，秦怡激动地说：“瑞芳歌唱得好，而且中外歌曲都会唱。”“1999年上海国际电影节期间，张瑞芳提议一起唱《渔光曲》。我说歌词都记不清了。没想到她一字不差地把歌词都默写下来。几十年过去了，她还能清楚地记得那首歌曲的歌词。”
老导演李前宽回忆起10年前的一次大型活动时说：“瑞芳以84岁的高龄登台，一首《渔光曲》技惊全场。”
张瑞芳少年时和母亲、姐姐同为党的地下工作者，曾为在她家中秘密开会的蒋南翔、荣高棠等在门外放哨。从念中学开始，她出演进步戏剧。1938年，她加入了中国共产党。1940年开始投身于大银幕，一生成就斐然。
抗战胜利之初，张瑞芳正在重庆。1945年8月28日，毛泽东应蒋介石之邀，到重庆参加国共和谈。在周恩来的安排下，毛泽东接见了在重庆的部分戏剧电影界人士。当时，张瑞芳也接到了通知，当她兴冲冲地来到曾家岩50号八路军办事处时，毛泽东已在那里等候了。见了张瑞芳，毛泽东立刻和她亲切握手，并致问候。同时被接见的还有白杨、舒绣文、吴茵等人，都是话剧、电影界的知名人士。由于张瑞芳从1941年至1946年一直与周恩来单线联系，因此她同周恩来、邓颖超夫妇很熟。在每一个成长的关键时刻，张瑞芳都会受到周恩来的鼓励和支持。
银幕上永远的“李双双”
在中国电影史上，《李双双》是一部展示中国农村妇女崭新精神风貌的优秀影片。李双双这个妇女队长爽直泼辣，快人快语，敢于同自私现象作斗争，遇到开心的事咯咯大笑，遇到麻烦的事处理果断，同时对孩子疼爱有加，对丈夫体贴入微。张瑞芳原本就快人快语、大度爽朗，在片中几乎是本色出演。当年，张瑞芳主演李双双的出色演艺，令不少电影同行都惊叹不已。“李双双”，让她达到了电影演艺事业的巅峰。在上世纪60年代，“李双双”这个形象是一个“接地气”的平民英雄。一时间，全国上下出现“三亿神州新姊妹，人人竞学李双双”的新风尚。在第二届“大众电影百花奖”的获奖名单上，《李双双》一举获得四个“最佳”：最佳影片、最佳编剧、最佳女演员和最佳配角奖。
1962年，刚结束对日本访问回到北京的张瑞芳，被周恩来总理邀请到家中吃饭。周总理见到她的第—句话就是：“今天请你吃螃蟹，是因为《李双双》这部好戏。”
张瑞芳在艺术上对自己的要求很高，每一次演出、每一个角色的塑造都致力精益求精。她说：“对于演戏，我一向比较认真。演舞台戏的时候，不管演出多少场、多么疲劳，我不会偷工减料，否则我的情绪就难以继续。”拍电影也同样如此，她不仅事先认真钻研剧本，做好充分准备，而且拍摄时的每一个镜头、每一个动作都力求真实完美地表现出角色的情感和性格。她说：“在电影表演上，什么是最美的？我想应当是最‘真’才最美。这个‘真’，就是最能将人物在那个特定情景中最准确的感情和动作表达出来，这是美的最重要的前提。”
张瑞芳的一生献身艺术、探索艺术。在话剧、电影和电视的创作领域里，都留下了她辛勤探索的足迹。特别是在话剧表演和电影表演两个方面，她都取得了显著的成绩。在中国现代话剧史和中国当代电影史上，她所塑造的一些经典艺术形象，不仅载入了史册，而且还活在广大观众的心里。
她曾获第二届“大众电影百花奖”最佳女演员奖、第26届中国电影金鸡奖终身成就奖。1993年，张瑞芳与白杨、陈强等被授予中国电影表演艺术学会奖特别荣誉奖。2007年在第10届上海国际电影节上，她又荣获“华语电影终身成就奖”。在电影后辈的心中，张瑞芳是位大艺术家、“百花女神”。
上影集团总裁任仲伦说，在中国电影界，张瑞芳老师始终是一面旗帜。她是德艺双馨的典范，德高则人心归。2005年，为纪念中国电影诞生100周年，国家有关部门联合表彰“国家有突出贡献电影艺术家”，张瑞芳是唯一一名全票通过的候选人。
最放不下电影事业和“爱晚亭”敬老院
电影界晚辈眼中，张瑞芳是不折不扣的“电影奶奶”，她不遗余力提携后人，始终情系中国电影的未来。1982年，上影厂开拍儿童电影《泉水叮咚》，已过花甲的张瑞芳出演家庭幼儿园园长陶奶奶，与她搭戏的童星陆毅，当时还只是个“小不点儿”，但正是这一曲《泉水叮咚响》开启了一批青年电影人的艺术生涯。陆毅说，5岁时第一次拍戏，就和张瑞芳老师在一起，我们一群孩子都亲切地称她“陶奶奶”。我们会永远记得这位可敬的“陶奶奶”。《泉水叮咚》导演石晓华回忆，当时自己是第一次独立拍片，想都没敢想能够请张瑞芳老师来演“陶奶奶”，她是“让人仰视的一座高山”。没想到她看完剧本后非常爽快地答应扮演“陶奶奶”。“后来张瑞芳老师来了，帮我们改剧本，把生硬的文学化语言全部改成生活气息很浓的口语。”
晚年的张瑞芳见到前来探望的赵薇时，第一句话便是：“我可喜欢看《还珠格格》了，小燕子，我可是你的‘粉丝’啊！”立刻把在场的人都逗乐了。
电影演员张芝华回忆起张瑞芳数度哽咽，“今年一月，去华东医院看过张老师，后来断断续续又去看过她几次。她清醒时还告诉我们在听剧，遗憾的是并不知道她最后都听的什么剧。”她说，张瑞芳生前最关心年轻演员的成长，像他们这一辈年轻演员中不少人的艺术人生基本都是张瑞芳“带大”的。张瑞芳病中听到年轻演员汇报自己的演艺近况显得异常高兴。那天告别会，后辈的影视名角唐国强、张瑜、张芝华、奚美娟等人几乎悉数到场。 据张瑞芳身边工作人员回忆，老人最放不下的还是中国电影的未来。
晚年的张瑞芳，又将目光投注到了老人的身上。她用毕生积蓄与老教育家顾毓青合作创办了“爱晚亭”敬老院，一心要为那些与自己有着共同爱好、共同语言的老人建造一个温馨家园。在那个时候，敬老院还是一个新鲜事物。“爱晚亭”就像人生的舞台，上演着一幕幕老人们的悲欢离合和喜怒哀乐，这触动着张瑞芳的心。她生前，但凡自己走得动，每周都会抽时间去跟老人们唱唱歌、聊聊天。她还与《红色娘子军》作曲者黄准等一起创作了敬老歌《百岁不用愁》。她唱起这支歌来，声情并茂，令后辈为之动容。
Zhang Ruifang Passes Away at 94
By Yu Meilan
Zhang Ruifang (1918-2012), a prominent film artist, died at the age of 94 in Shanghai on June 28, 2012. As she is part of China’s cinematic memory over the past 60 years, there has been a wave of recollections in the media tracing her beauty, career, and stories through war and peace and chaotic years of political vicissitudes.
Zhang Ruifang might have been an artist had the Japanese invaders not come killing people and devastating China. Her father was an artillery officer and her mother was an artist. The young Zhang Ruifang wanted to be a painter but the Japanese invasion into China smashed her dream. She took part in street drama shows to promote patriotism. With amateur drama troupes, she traveled across the country staging shows and calling for war efforts against Japanese invasion. The experience of performing and seeing human tragedies caused by the war enabled her to mature as an artist. As her mother and elder sister were undercover Communists, Zhang Ruifang joined the Communist Party of China in 1938. The year 1940 marked the beginning of her film career.
In the 1940s, she was one of China’s four best young dramatists and film artists in Chongqing, the wartime capital of China. When Mao Zedong came to Chongqing in 1945 for negotiating national peace as the war had just ended, the Communist leader met with celebrities in Chongqing during his stay in the wartime capital. Zhang Ruifang was one of these celebrities.
What turned Zhang Ruifang into a national celebrity was her 1962 film Li Shuangshuang. In the comedy, she is a rural woman who is honest and wise, which sometimes causes some trouble with her husband. If her wartime characters were seen by people in Chongqing, her characterization of Li Shuangshuang in 1962 was admired and appreciated by the whole nation. She won Hundred Flowers Award for Best Actress in 1963 for her role in the film.
In her 42-year film career, she appeared in 15 films, 13 of which were made after 1949. Her last film was made in 1982. In 1993, she was honored with the special award of China Film Performing Art Association. In 2005, she was designated by the state government as a National Film Artist for Outstanding Contribution. The honor was given in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of cinema. She was the only one who was unanimously selected for the honor. At the 10th Shanghai International Film Festival in 2007, she was honored with a Lifetime Achievement Award.
Though she seldom appeared in films in her evening years, she still promoted cinematic art. She had many friends, many of whom were young film stars.
One big thing she did in her evening years was that in 2000, the 82-year-old Zhang founded a care house for old people in partnership with her friend Gu Yuqing, an educator. Zhang donated all her savings to the undertaking. Her son in Australia sent in cash. Many people donated. It is called Ai Wan Ting (meaning “love-evening pavilion”), which reminds people of a Tang poem that describes how a poet stops to enjoy a scene of maple woods at dusk moment. The 1,400-m2 house is situated in a small courtyard in Changning District in downtown Shanghai. The three-story house has 20 rooms for 40 people. On the ground floor are a canteen, a poker room, a bar, and a banquet room. She frequently visited the house to spend time with old people living there.