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作为主体性的存在,人既是群体(类),又是自我(个体)。当人的存在成为哲学反思的对象时,群(群体)己(自我)关系便成为一个不能不正视的问题。儒家是最早对群己关系作自觉思考的学派之一,从先秦开始,群己之辨便已展开于儒学的演进过程之中。儒家注重群体原则,但同样在某种意义上确认个体(自我)的价值,二者错综交融,使儒家的价值体系呈现颇为复杂的形态。本文着重从分析孔孟荀的原始儒学入手,对儒家的群己之辨及其理论意蕴作一检视。
As a subjective existence, people are both groups (classes) and self (individuals). When people’s existence becomes the object of philosophical reflection, the group’s (self) relationship becomes a problem that can not be ignored. Confucianism was one of the earliest schools of thought to think about the relations between groups and individuals earliest. Since the pre-Qin period, the distinction between groups and friends has started in the evolution of Confucianism. Confucianism pays attention to the principle of group. However, in the same sense, it confirms the value of individual (ego). The two are intertwined, making Confucian value system appear rather complex. This paper focuses on analyzing the Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius from the original Confucianism, and examines the Confucianists’ own individual and their theoretical significance.