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随着高超声速飞行器的发展,高焓离解环境下热防护材料所承受的气动热载荷在很大程度上受到材料表面催化特性的影响。根据高焓服役环境特征和热防护材料表面催化特性的发展现状,重点综述了材料表面催化反应机理和不同尺度的催化模型,分析、比较了催化特性地面测试与评价方法以及典型热防护材料表面催化特性的影响因素,简要总结了国内现阶段相关催化特性研究的初步成果,并在此基础之上提出了催化特性测试与表征方法的不足和后续研究的重点方向,为有效改进热防护材料表面催化特性试验测试技术、准确预测高超声速飞行器气动热环境,从而实现热防护系统的精细化设计提供指导。
With the development of hypersonic vehicles, the aerodynamic heat load sustained by thermal protective materials under high enthalpy dissociation conditions is greatly affected by the catalytic properties of the material surface. According to the characteristics of high enthalpy service environment and the development of catalytic properties on the surface of thermal protective materials, the catalytic reaction mechanism and the catalytic model at different scales are reviewed. The catalytic test and evaluation methods and the surface catalysis of typical thermal protective materials Characteristics of the factors briefly summarize the preliminary results of the current study of the relevant catalytic properties at home and on the basis of this proposed catalytic characteristics of the lack of testing and characterization of the key directions and follow-up study, in order to effectively improve the thermal protective material surface catalysis Characteristic test and test technology to accurately predict the aerodynamic thermal environment of hypersonic vehicles so as to provide guidance on the fine design of thermal protection system.