目的了解上海市综合性医院腹泻患者隐孢子虫感染情况,为防控隐孢子虫病提供科学依据。方法选择上海市3所综合性医院肠道门诊,2013—2015年期间采集门诊腹泻患者新鲜粪便,采用病原学的改良抗酸染色法和检测粪抗原的免疫层析试剂条法进行检测,以了解腹泻患者隐孢子虫感染状况,并对感染特征进行分析。结果检测腹泻患者粪便样本2 817份,检出隐孢子虫病原学阳性37份,总阳性率为1.31%。3所医院腹泻患者病原学阳性率间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),隐孢子虫阳性者性别、年龄和文化程度分布差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),职业以外来务工人员阳性率较高。6—9月为发病高峰,夏季明显高于冬季(P<0.05)。各类性状粪便隐孢子虫阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。有腹痛、恶心、呕吐、发热和不洁食物史者分别为67.57%、21.62%、18.92%、16.22%、51.35%。试剂条法检测隐孢子虫粪抗原阳性率为2.59%。结论春末和夏秋季是隐孢子虫感染高发季节,应加强监测。联合应用多种检测方法能提高隐孢子虫检出率。 Objective To understand the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in diarrhea patients in Shanghai General Hospital and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of cryptosporidiosis. Methods The intestine outpatients in three general hospitals in Shanghai were selected. Fresh stools from outpatients with diarrhea during 2013-2015 were collected and tested by etiological modified acid-fast staining method and immunochromatographic reagent detection stool antigen Cryptosporidium infection in patients with diarrhea, and infection characteristics were analyzed. Results A total of 2 817 samples of stool samples from diarrhea patients were detected. 37 were positive for cryptosporidiosis and the total positive rate was 1.31%. There were no significant differences in the etiological positive rate of diarrhea among the 3 hospitals (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the distribution of sex, age and educational level among the positive cases of Cryptosporidium (P> 0.05) The positive rate of staff is higher. June to September peak incidence, significantly higher in summer than in winter (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of Cryptosporidium parvum between various traits (P> 0.05). The history of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever and unclean food were 67.57%, 21.62%, 18.92%, 16.22% and 51.35% respectively. The positive rate of Cryptosporidium fecal antigen was 2.59%. Conclusions The late spring and summer and autumn are the high incidence of cryptosporidiosis and should be strengthened. The combination of multiple detection methods can improve the detection rate of Cryptosporidium.