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目的 本文旨在鉴定福建省2016年冬季导致病毒性胃肠炎暴发的病原体,并对病原体进行分子特征研究.方法 对疫情暴发地上送的福建省2016年胃肠炎暴发急性病例标本,采用荧光PCR初步判定病原体,常规RT-PCR检测诺如病毒RNA聚合酶和衣壳蛋白基因片段,并进行序列测定和分子特征分析.结果 在3起暴发疫情中18份标本经荧光PCR检测均为诺如病毒核酸阳性,其中15份标本RT-PCR检测判为GⅡ型诺如病毒,9份标本成功测序.分析测序结果,证实引起本轮疫情为诺如病毒新重组株,该重组株有别于本地散发流行及全球暴发流行的优势基因型GⅡ.4.毒株RNA聚合酶核苷酸序列与2016年日本的GⅡ.4悉尼变异株Kawasaki194毒株的同源性最高,达98％,为GⅡ.P16亚型;衣壳蛋白核苷酸序列与2008年比利时的IPH2161-08VG06毒株同源性最高(97.7％～98.8％),为GⅡ.2亚型.结论 这是福建省首次报道诺如病毒重组株GⅡ.P16/ GⅡ.2的检出,并引起病毒性胃肠炎暴发.“,”We delineated the molecular characteristic of recombinant strain GⅡ.P16/GⅡ.2 of norovirus associated with acute viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Fujian Province in winter of 2016.Norovirus were detected in specimens of patients collected from the gastroenteritis outbreaks by real time reverse transcription-PCR and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).The PCR products of the positive samples were purified,and partial RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene and partial capsid gene were sequenced.The sequences were analyzed using bioinformatics software and online database,and phylogenetic tree were also constructed.Norovirus were detected in all 18 stools.Analysis of 9 positive sequences indicated an emergence of norovirus GⅡ.P16/ GⅡ.2 and confirmed being the cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks.All the strains shared homology of 98％ with strains of Kawasaki 194 of Japan detected in 2016 and 97.7％-98.8％ with IPH2161-08VG06 of Belgium detected in 2008,RdRp and capsid separately.These outbreak strains showed some degree of differences from the predominant strain,2012 Sydney GⅡ.4 variant.This is the first time to have found norovirus GⅡ.P16/ GⅡ.2 causing viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Fujian.More in-depth analysis of the Norovirus GⅡ.P16/ GⅡ.2 could be useful to optimize preventative strategies and develop new and more effective therapeutic measure.