有一项较大范围的研究得出了这样的结论,即新生工业中生产率的增长表现出很大的差异,经过研究发现,在较不发达国家经济中的新生工业很少表现出实现和保持国际竞争力所需的生产率的持续高速增长(贝尔等人,1984年)。此外,高度的保护往往还会在一段学习期之后继续保持,而且也没有多少证据能表明,具有较大外在性因素的行业曾得到过较高的保护率。 关于保护的程度,韦斯特法尔(1981年)曾指出,即使对于一种“高效”的新生工业来说,在以正确反映相对稀缺情况的价格来估价时,其国内资源成本初期可能高达所存或所挣外汇价值的两倍,而且需要长达10年的时间才能将成本降至能有竞争力的水平。如果给以生产补贴,那就意味着相对于所增价值的初始补贴率高达50％。但是,如果采用关税保护, A larger study led to the conclusion that productivity growth in nascent industries shows significant differences and that after research findings, nascent industries in the less developed economies have seldom demonstrated the achievement and maintenance of international Sustained and rapid growth in productivity required for competitiveness (Bell et al., 1984). In addition, a high degree of protection often remains after a period of study, and there is not much evidence to suggest that industries with greater externalities have enjoyed higher rates of protection. With regard to the degree of protection, Westphal (1981) pointed out that even for an “efficient” nascent industry, the cost of domestic resources may initially be as high as when it is valued at the price that correctly reflects the relative scarcity Twice the value of foreign exchange earned or earned, and it can take as long as 10 years to bring the cost down to a competitive level. If production subsidies are given, that means up to 50% of the initial subsidy relative to the added value. However, if tariff protection is adopted,