目前,对结直肠癌的预后评价仍主要依据临床和病理分期,如TNM或Dukes分期以及各种改良法。已证实癌的组织学表现如分化程度、血管淋巴浸润、粘液分泌状况可影响存活率。然而这些传统病理学特征的判定颇为主观,不同病理学者的评定标准存在差异,并且常常在同一肿瘤的不同区域其病理表现也有不同。以往的研究证实了K-ras-2癌基因各种独特型或点突 At present, the prognosis of colorectal cancer is still based on clinical and pathological stages, such as TNM or Dukes staging and various modifications. Histological manifestations of cancer such as the degree of differentiation, lymphatic infiltration, and mucus secretion have been confirmed to affect survival. However, the determination of these traditional pathological features is rather subjective. Different pathologists have different evaluation criteria and often have different pathological manifestations in different regions of the same tumor. Previous studies have confirmed various idiotypes or punctuation of the K-ras-2 oncogene