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叙事与反讽的关系十分密切,但将两者结合起来的研究不够深入和系统,因此,本文提出“叙事反讽”概念。叙事反讽是叙事层面的反讽,主要涉及叙事策略和叙事技巧的运用;同时,这类反讽也是叙事手段,与叙事作品意义的实现密不可分。反讽的本质在于否定性,由矛盾因素的对照实现。在叙事反讽中,水平轴与垂直轴的多层次叙事对照和“否定”实现了反讽的意义。叙事学的许多范畴具有反讽意义,可被视为叙事反讽。叙事反讽具有丰富的意义:既凸显作者的主体性,又召唤读者的多重判断;既言说难以言说之意,又隐含价值诉求;既涉及意识形态,又有独特的美学意义。
The relationship between narrative and irony is very close, but the research combining the two is not deep and systematic. Therefore, this paper proposes the concept of “narrative irony”. Narrative irony is the irony of the narrative level, mainly related to the use of narrative strategies and narrative techniques; meanwhile, such ironies are also narrative means that are inseparable from the realization of narrative works. The essence of irony is negation, which is achieved by the contradiction factor. In the narrative irony, the horizontal axis and the vertical axis of the multi-level narrative contrast and “negation ” to achieve the meaning of irony. Many aspects of narratology are ironic and can be regarded as narrative ironies. Narrative irony is rich in meaning: not only highlights the author’s subjectivity, but also summons the reader’s multiple judgments; both unspeakable and implied value; both ideology and unique aesthetic significance.