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目的了解天津市不同人群乙肝防治知识知晓率和乙肝疫苗接种率,为更好的制定成人乙肝疫苗接种和健康教育策略提供科学依据。方法按经济和地理特点分层,抽取天津市5个区(县),采用整群抽样方法抽取乙肝重点人群;采用方便抽样方法,以商场超市等公共场所普通人群作为对照;使用《天津市防治乙肝知识知晓率调查表》,调查乙肝疫苗接种情况,乙肝相关知识知晓率以及对乙肝病毒健康携带者的歧视状况。结果学生、教师、医务人员、保育员、饮食服务人员、银行职员、HBV家庭密切接触者和静脉吸毒人群乙肝疫苗接种率依次为41.33%、33.88%、70.23%、62.50%、38.16%、41.53%、39.84%和3.57%;乙肝知识知晓率分别为54.51%、73.47%、89.95%、77.36%、53.61%、64.72%、67.15%和28.72%;对乙肝携带者歧视率分别为52.54%、28.78%、5.85%、20.83%、54.08%、40.68%、22.71%和37.50%;普通人群乙肝疫苗接种率为32.82%,知晓率为58.30%,歧视率为31.07%。结论乙肝重点人群的乙肝疫苗接种率高于普通人群,但总体接种率仍不高;防治知识知晓状况参差不齐;存在乙肝歧视。
Objective To understand the awareness of hepatitis B prevention and treatment and hepatitis B vaccination rate among different populations in Tianjin and provide a scientific basis for better formulation of adult hepatitis B vaccination and health education strategies. Methods According to the economic and geographical features, 5 districts (counties) in Tianjin were sampled, and the key population of hepatitis B was extracted by cluster sampling method. The convenience sampling method was used to compare the general population in public places such as shopping malls and supermarkets. Questionnaire on Knowledge of Hepatitis B "to investigate hepatitis B vaccination, awareness of hepatitis B-related knowledge and discrimination against hepatitis B virus carriers. Results Hepatitis B vaccination rates of 41.33%, 33.88%, 70.23%, 62.50%, 38.16%, 41.53% for students, teachers, medical staff, childcare workers, catering staff, bank staff, , 39.84% and 3.57% respectively. The awareness rates of hepatitis B were 54.51%, 73.47%, 89.95%, 77.36%, 53.61%, 64.72%, 67.15% and 28.72% respectively. The discrimination rates of HBV carriers were 52.54% and 28.78% , 5.85%, 20.83%, 54.08%, 40.68%, 22.71% and 37.50% respectively. The rate of hepatitis B vaccination in the general population was 32.82%, the awareness rate was 58.30% and the discrimination rate was 31.07%. Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination rate of hepatitis B major population is higher than that of the general population, but the overall vaccination rate is still not high; knowledge of prevention and treatment is uneven; hepatitis B discrimination exists.