引言普查就是应用尽可能简单的方法,对表面健康的人群进行预防性检查,以便找出那些怀疑患有某种要检查的疾病,例如某一器官部位癌症的人。然后必须对这些人作进一步的诊断检查,并且在确诊后立即进行治疗。普查的目的归根到底也就是尽可能使最大部分的病人在临床前期得到治疗,从而既降低疾病的病死率,也减轻由于疾病及其治疗所造成的严重后果。最初对于普查计划的成功可能性评价非常乐观,而后来则代之以较为客观的和较为科学 Introduction Censuses make the simplest possible method of performing preventive tests on people with a healthy surface in order to identify those who are suspected of having some disease to be examined, such as cancer in an organ. These people must then be further diagnosed and treated immediately after diagnosis. In the final analysis, the purpose of the census is to treat as many patients as possible in the preclinical phase so as to reduce the case fatality rate and alleviate the serious consequences caused by the disease and its treatment. Initially, the evaluation of the likelihood of success of the census program was very optimistic, but later replaced by a more objective and more scientific