在旧中国,民族工业在帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义的限制、排挤和压迫之下,一直处在风雨飘摇、朝不保夕之中。尽管在爱国主义的思潮下,一批包括科学技术人员和归国华侨在内的志士仁人在艰难中集资创办新式企业,但迄至解放前夕,民族工业仍主要是纺织工业和食品工业,而其中60%的厂家实际上属于手工工场性质。缺少自己的重工业基础和原材料来源,在技 In old China, the national industry, under the restrictions, crowding-out and oppression of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism, has been precarious and precarious. Although under the patriotic trend of thought, a group of Cheshire, including scientific and technical personnel and returned overseas Chinese, set up new-type enterprises in a difficult situation, by the eve of the liberation, the national industry was still mainly the textile industry and the food industry. However, Of these, 60% of the manufacturers are in fact handicraft properties. Lack of their own heavy industrial base and sources of raw materials, technology