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文章回顾了原子核物理研究中的几个重要里程碑.首先介绍了原子核的发现与组成,并概括了基于这些发现所进行的包括原子核质量与半径在内的粗块性质的研究,以及原子核壳层模型的建立.随后,从原子核壳层模型出发,总结了自旋对称性和赝自旋对称性等原子核微观结构的相关研究.作为核结构研究的重要领域之一,文章详细回顾了近半个世纪以来对于转动原子核的研究.最后结合21世纪核物理面临的机遇和挑战,对当前核物理的研究热点和重要课题进行了简要介绍.
The paper reviews several important milestones in the study of nuclear physics: Firstly, the discovery and composition of atomic nuclei are introduced, and the research on the properties of rough masses including nuclei ’s mass and radius based on these findings is summarized, and the nuclear shell model Then, based on the nuclear shell model, the related studies on atomic microstructures such as spin symmetry and pseudospin symmetry are summarized.As one of the important fields of nuclear structure research, the article reviews in detail the recent half century Since the 21st century nuclear physics is facing the opportunities and challenges, the current nuclear physics research hot spots and important topics are briefly introduced.