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目的通过调查确认藁杆双脐螺在中国大陆的输入和孳生情况,并了解其分布及扩散情况,为防控曼氏血吸虫病的传播提供科学依据。方法根据报告线索及藁杆双脐螺孳生环境特征,按水系和地理位置,于1981—1982年和2012—2013年,采用现场调查法对双脐螺的孳生分布、环境植被、水质等进行调查分析。结果 1981年确认在深圳市罗湖某鱼塘采集的螺蛳为藁杆双脐螺,为中国大陆首次报告。1981—1982年在深圳市调查10个公社(镇区、街道),于深圳市罗湖与香港新界交界的交界河罗湖桥至与深圳河交接处的河段约1 000 m、交界河与深圳河交接处至人民公园的深圳河段约1 000 m、与该河段相通的3条水沟长约300 m、周边6口鱼塘和1口污水塘约4 030 m2等环境发现有藁杆双脐螺孳生;深圳市其他9个公社(镇区、街道)及另外11个县区均未发现有该螺孳生。对有螺环境特征及水质相关指标进行分析显示,中性偏碱水质适合该螺孳生,活螺数多的螺点水中氯化物含量为9.0~94.0 mg/L,总硬度为44.8~142.8 mg/L,氨氮含量为0.02~1.50 mg/L;有螺环境类型为水塘、水沟、河3种,腐殖质较丰富,活螺主要沿水边分布,喜附着于水中漂浮物上,以下段及出水口水流缓慢处较多。2012—2013年的调查发现,在深圳市的盐田河、葵涌河和大沙河等7条河道及东莞市的石马河和惠阳区的淡水河均有活的藁杆双脐螺孳生。结论 1981年在中国大陆首次确认在深圳市有藁杆双脐螺孳生,范围局限;双脐螺沿水系向周边地区扩散蔓延,目前已扩散到深圳市毗邻的东莞和惠州市的部分河道。
OBJECTIVE: To confirm the distribution and spread of the double-crested ibis in China by surveys, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of the spread of schistosomiasis. Methods According to the report clues and the characteristics of the environment of the twin-snail breeding, the investigation on breeding distribution, environmental vegetation and water quality of Umbilicus was conducted by on-the-spot investigation in 1981-1982 and 2012-2013 according to the water system and geographical location analysis. Results In 1981, it was confirmed that the snail collected from a fish pond in Luohu, Shenzhen was a double-crested snail, which was the first report in Mainland China. 1981-1982 Investigation of 10 communes (townships, streets) in Shenzhen City, about 1 000 m from the junction of Luohu Bridge to Shenzhen River at the junction of Luohu and Hong Kong New Territories, between Shenzhen Junction River and Shenzhen River About 1 000 m from the Shenzhen section of the junction to the People’s Park, about 300 m long connected to the section of the river, 6 fish ponds and 4 030 m2 surrounding ponds, Umbilical snail breeding; Shenzhen other 9 communes (towns, streets) and 11 other counties found no snail breeding. The analysis of the characteristics of snail environment and related indicators of water quality showed that the neutral and alkaline water quality was suitable for the snail breeding. The chloride content in the snail water with the large number of live snails was 9.0-94.0 mg / L and the total hardness was 44.8-142.8 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen content of 0.02 ~ 1.50 mg / L; snail environment types of ponds, ditches, river 3, rich in humus, snail mainly distributed along the water edge, hi attached to the floating objects in the water, the following paragraph and The outlet water flow more slowly. From 2012 to 2013, the survey found that live tapioca double snail breeding occurred in seven river courses such as Yantian River, Kwai Chung River and Dasha River in Shenzhen City and Tamsui River in Dongguan City and Tamsui River in Huiyang District. Conclusion In 1981, it was first confirmed in mainland China that there was a limited range of double-helmeted sparrows in Shenzhen. The double-umbilical snail spreaded and spread to the surrounding areas and spread to some rivers adjacent to Dongguan and Huizhou in Shenzhen.