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在群体水培条件下,以国内外不同年代育成的94个常规粳稻代表品种为供试材料,测定抽穗期、成熟期各器官干物重、产量及构成因素、根系等性状,采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法将供试品种按产量水平从低到高依次分为A、B、C、D、E、F 6类,分析影响粳稻品种产量水平的主要根系性状。结果表明:1不同产量类型粳稻品种间平均产量差异极大,供试品种中最高产品种为最低产品种4.23(2008年)~3.91倍(2009年);2产量构成因素对产量贡献的顺序由大到小依次为每穗粒数、结实率、单位面积穗数、千粒重,年度间表现一致;3高产品种具有单株根系性状大或较大,最长根长较长、成熟期冠根比大的特征;4单株不定根数对单位面积穗数,最长根长、单株根干重、冠根比、单株总/活跃吸收面积对每穗粒数有明显的促进作用,单株根活力对结实率的提高亦有一定的促进效果;5影响粳稻品种产量水平的主要根系性状是单株根干重、成熟期冠根比、单株活跃吸收面积、单株根系α-萘胺根系氧化力、最长根长。
Under the conditions of population hydroponics, 94 conventional japonica rice varieties bred in different ages at home and abroad were used as materials to determine the dry matter weight, yield, composition and root system of each organ at heading and maturity. The least square The dynamic clustering methods were divided into A, B, C, D, E and F classes according to the yield level from low to high, and the main root traits that affected the yield of japonica rice varieties were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The average yield of japonica rice varieties with different grain yield varied greatly. The highest yielding varieties among the tested varieties were the lowest yielding varieties from 4.23 (2008) to 3.91 times (2009). The order of contribution of yield components to yield was The order of grain size per spike, seed setting rate, spike number per unit area, grain weight per thousand, the annual performance consistent; 3 high-yielding varieties with single root traits larger or larger, the longest root length is longer, The number of adventitious roots per plant significantly increased the number of spikelets per panicle, the longest root length, the root dry weight per plant, the ratio of crown to root and the total absorbed active area per plant, Root activity also had a certain promotion effect on the improvement of seed setting rate.5 The main root traits that affected the yield of japonica rice were dry root weight per plant, crown-root ratio at mature stage, active absorption area per plant, Root oxidation, the longest root length.