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目的总结本院548例肾活检患者肾脏病理类型以及不同年龄段肾脏疾病的构成比,分析慢性肾脏病(CKD)分期、临床分型与病理分型之间的关系。方法回顾分析2007年1月至2013年6月在本院行肾活检的慢性肾脏病患者的性别、年龄、病理类型、CKD分期、临床分型等相关资料。结果 548例患者行肾活检时平均年龄为(35.48±15.79)岁,男性占48.2%。其中原发性肾小球疾病占81.5%,IgA肾病最常见(40.5%);继发性肾脏疾病占16.5%,狼疮性肾炎发病率最高(50.8%),其次是紫癜性肾炎(17%)。年龄<18岁的患者以肾小球轻微病变最为多见、年龄≥60岁的老年患者以膜性肾病和糖尿病肾损害最常见;非老年组肾功能显著优于老年组;最常见的临床类型为肾病综合征和肾炎综合征。结论原发性肾小球疾病是最常见的肾脏疾病,好发于中青年;不同年龄段病理类型存在明显差别;肾病综合征是最常见的临床表现。
Objective To summarize the renal pathological types of 548 cases of renal biopsy in our hospital and the proportions of renal diseases in different age groups. To analyze the relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) staging, clinical classification and pathological classification. Methods Retrospective analysis of January 2007 to June 2013 in our hospital renal biopsy of patients with chronic kidney disease by sex, age, pathological types, CKD staging, clinical classification and other relevant information. Results The average age of 548 patients undergoing kidney biopsy was (35.48 ± 15.79) years old, while that of men was 48.2%. Among them, primary glomerular disease accounted for 81.5%, IgA nephropathy was the most common (40.5%), secondary kidney disease accounted for 16.5%, lupus nephritis was the highest (50.8%), followed by purpuric nephritis (17%), . Patients with age less than 18 years are most commonly seen with mild glomerular lesions, and membranous nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy are the most common in elderly patients older than 60 years of age; renal function is significantly better in non-elderly patients than in elderly patients; and the most common clinical types Nephrotic syndrome and nephritic syndrome. Conclusions Primary glomerular disease is the most common renal disease, which occurs in middle-aged and young people. There are significant differences in pathological types among different age groups. Nephrotic syndrome is the most common clinical manifestation.