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高速列车通过隧道时会引起较大的隧道内压力波动,对车体造成较大的气动载荷,是高速列车车体设计和通风系统设计中所必须要考虑的问题。基于三维非定常不可压缩流动的纳维-斯托克斯方程,采用大涡模拟的湍流模型和地面静止而列车移动的动网格算法,对CRH2动车组以100 m/s的速度通过长100 m的隧道进行了动态数值模拟计算。结果表明:当列车车头进入隧道时,车头前端会形成一个向隧道出口传播的正压波,到达隧道出口后反射,并形成一个向隧道入口传播的负压波,压力波的传播与反射使隧道内空气压力发生剧烈变化,严重影响列车的安全平稳运行。
High-speed train passing through the tunnel will cause large pressure fluctuation in the tunnel and cause large aerodynamic load on the vehicle body, which is a problem that must be considered in the design of the high-speed train body and the ventilation system. Based on the Navier-Stokes equation of three-dimensional unsteady incompressible flow, a large-eddy simulation turbulence model and a moving grid algorithm of the stationary and moving train are adopted. The CRH2 EMU is driven by 100 m of the tunnel dynamic numerical simulation. The results show that when the front of the train enters the tunnel, a positive pressure wave propagating to the exit of the tunnel will be formed at the front of the train, which will be reflected after arriving at the exit of the tunnel and forming a negative pressure wave propagating to the tunnel entrance. The propagation and reflection of the pressure wave make the tunnel Dramatic changes in air pressure, seriously affecting the safe and smooth operation of the train.